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== Types == {{disputed|reason=4 of the "most common charts" is totally unverified claim. Likewise the "also common" and the "less common" categorization of the various charts.|date=October 2019}} {{See also|Commons:Category:Charts by type}} === Common charts === Four of the most common charts are: <gallery class="skin-invert-image"> File:Black cherry tree histogram.svg|[[Histogram]] File:Försäljningsstatistik för blanddrycker.png|[[Bar chart]] File:ActionnariatLibe2007-fr.svg|[[Pie chart]] File:US Trade Balance from 1960.svg|[[Line chart]] </gallery> This gallery shows: * A [[histogram]] consists of tabular frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to the frequency of the observations in the interval; first introduced by Karl Pearson.<ref name="pearson">{{Cite journal| last1 = Pearson | first1 = K. |author-link=Karl Pearson| title = Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution. II. Skew Variation in Homogeneous Material| journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences| volume = 186| pages = 343–414| year = 1895| doi = 10.1098/rsta.1895.0010|bibcode = 1895RSPTA.186..343P | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1432104| doi-access = free}}</ref> * A [[bar chart]] is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. The first known bar charts are usually attributed to Nicole Oresme, Joseph Priestley, and William Playfair.<ref>{{cite web|title=First Ever Bar Charts Created in 14th Century|date=2 June 2015 |url=http://www.anychart.com/blog/2015/06/02/first-bar-chart-in-history/|publisher=AnyChart|access-date=9 February 2016}}</ref> * A [[pie chart]] shows percentage values as a slice of a pie; first introduced by William Playfair.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpowered.com/graphs-and-charts/pie-chart-history.htm|title=History of Pie Charts|publisher=JPowered|access-date=9 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115164419/http://jpowered.com/graphs-and-charts/pie-chart-history.htm|archive-date=15 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> * A [[line chart]] is a two-dimensional scatterplot of ordered observations where the observations are connected following their order. The first known line charts are usually credited to Francis Hauksbee, Nicolaus Samuel Cruquius, Johann Heinrich Lambert and William Playfair.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael Friendly|year=2008|url=http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/milestone/milestone.pdf|title=Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization|pages=13–14|author-link=Michael Friendly}}</ref> Other common charts are: <gallery class="skin-invert-image"> File:BTTFTimelines.png|[[Timeline]] chart File:Organigram of the United States Department of the Navy.gif|[[Organizational chart]] File:ABB.svg|Tree chart File:Flussdiagramm (Programmablaufplan).png|[[Flow chart]] File:MLB slugging history.svg|[[Area chart]] File:Cartlinearlarge.png|[[Cartogram]] File:Autosomal Dominant Pedigree Chart.svg|[[Pedigree chart]] File:Sunburst Chart.jpg|[[Radial tree]] </gallery> === Less-common charts === Examples of less common charts are: <gallery class="skin-invert-image"> File:3Variable_BubbleChart.svg|[[Bubble chart]] File:Nightingale-mortality.jpg|[[Pie chart#Polar area diagram|Polar area diagram]] File:Waterfall-chart.jpg|[[Waterfall chart]] File:Fuentes de consumo de energía diaria 2001-2003 (FAO).svg|[[Radar chart]] File:Heatmap incito.png|[[Treemapping|Tree map]] File:LastGraph example.svg|[[Streamgraph]] File:GapChart-Top14-2013-2014.png|GapChart </gallery> This gallery shows: * A [[bubble chart]] is a two-dimensional scatterplot where a third variable is represented by the size of the points. * A [[Pie chart#Polar area diagram|polar area diagram]], sometimes called a Coxcomb chart, is an enhanced form of pie chart developed by [[Florence Nightingale]]. * A [[radar chart]] or "spider chart" or "doi" is a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point. * A [[waterfall chart]] also known as a "Walk" chart, is a special type of floating-column chart. * A [[Treemapping|tree map]] where the areas of the rectangles correspond to values. Other dimensions can be represented with color or hue. Smaller areas go to the bottom right corner. * A [[streamgraph]], a stacked, curvilinear area graph displaced around a central axis * A GapChart, a time series chart showing evolving gaps and equalities between series. Other dimensions can be represented with color or hue. === Field-specific charts === Some types of charts have specific uses in a certain field <gallery class="skin-invert-image"> File:Bollinger bands example, 2 stddevs.png|[[Open-high-low-close chart]] File:Candlestick-chart.png|[[Candlestick chart]] File:KagiSample2Chart echarts.gif|[[Kagi chart]] File:Sparkline dowjones.svg|[[Sparkline]] </gallery> This gallery shows: * Stock market prices are often depicted with an [[open-high-low-close chart]] with a traditional bar chart of volume at the bottom. * [[Candlestick chart]]s are another type of bar chart used to describe price movements of an equity over time. * A [[Kagi chart]] is a time-independent stock tracking chart that attempts to minimise noise. * Alternatively, where less detail is required, and chart size is paramount, a [[Sparkline]] may be used. Other examples: * Interest rates, temperatures, etc., at the close of the period are plotted with a line chart. * Project planners use a [[Gantt chart]] to show the timing of tasks as they occur over time. === Well-known named charts === Some of the better-known named charts are: <gallery class="skin-invert-image"> File:Gantt przyklad 2.PNG|[[Gantt chart]] File:Nolan-chart.svg|[[Nolan chart]] File:5n PERT graph with critical path.svg|[[PERT]] chart File:Smith chart bmd.gif|[[Smith chart]] </gallery> Some specific charts have become well known by effectively explaining a phenomenon or idea. * An [[Allele chart]] is a chart originating from the study of [[genetics]] to show the interaction of two data points in a grid. * A [[Gantt chart]] helps in scheduling complex projects. * The [[Nolan chart]] and the [[Pournelle chart]] classify political philosophies according to two axes of variation. * A [[Program Evaluation and Review Technique|PERT chart]] is often used in [[project management]]. * The [[Smith chart]] serves in [[radio electronics]]. === Other charts === There are dozens of other types of charts. Here are some of them: <gallery class="skin-invert-image"> File:ControlChart.svg|[[Control chart]] File:GreningerChart.png|[[Greninger chart]] File:Heatmap.png|[[Heatmap]] File:Horoscope-Christ.jpg|[[Natal chart]] File:TS-Wasserdampf. neu.png|[[Nomogram]] File:800px-Pareto fr.png|[[Pareto chart]] File:SimpleRunChart.jpg|[[Run chart]] File:Example Strip Chart.png|Strip chart File:Configuration System Structure Chart.jpg|[[Structure chart]] File:Amharic vowel chart.svg|[[Vowel chart]] </gallery> One more example: [[Bernal chart]] === Common plots === {{main|Plot (graphics)}} <gallery class="skin-invert-image"> File:Michelsonmorley-boxplot.svg|[[Box plot]] File:Dotplot of random values 2.png|[[Dot plot (statistics)]] File:Probability Plot.gif|[[Probability plot correlation coefficient plot|Probability plot]] File:oldfaithful3.png|[[Scatterplot]] File:Spectramap Biplot Iris Flower Data Set FULL.jpg|[[Biplot]] </gallery>
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