Editing Chartwell (section)

=== Early history to 1922 ===
The earliest recorded mention of the land dates to 1362 when it was sold by a William At-Well.{{sfn|Buczacki|2007|p=106}} The origin of the name is the Chart Well, a spring to the north of the current house, Chart being an [[Old English]] word for rough ground.{{sfn|Buczacki|2007|p=105}} The site had been built upon at least as early as the 16th century, when the estate was called Well Street.{{sfn|Garnett|2008|p=13}} [[Henry VIII]] was reputed to have stayed in the house during his courtship of [[Anne Boleyn]] at nearby [[Hever Castle]].{{sfn|Garnett|2008|p=12}} Elements of the [[Tudor era|Tudor]] house are still visible; the [[Historic England]] listing for Chartwell notes that 16th- (or possibly 17th-) century brickwork can be seen in some of the external walls.<ref name="listed">{{National Heritage List for England |num=1272626 |desc=Chartwell |access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref> In the 17th and 18th centuries, the house was used as a farmhouse and its ownership was subject to frequent change.{{sfn|Garnett|2008|p=13}} On 22 September 1836, the property was auctioned at [[Cheapside]], advertised as "a suitable abode for a genteel family".{{sfn|Buczacki|2007|p=107}} In 1848 it was purchased by John Campbell Colquhoun, a former MP; the Campbell Colquhouns were a family of Scottish landowners, lawyers and politicians.{{sfn|Buczacki|2007|p=110}} The original farmhouse was enlarged and modified during their ownership, including the addition of the [[stepped gable]]s, a [[Scottish baronial]] genuflection to the land of their fathers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/homes/styles.html|title=Styles in Domestic Architecture|last=Banergee|first=Jacqueline| date=21 August 2016|website=The Victorian Web|access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> By the time of the sale to Churchill, it was, in the words of Oliver Garnett, author of the 2008 guidebook to the house, an example of "Victorian architecture at its least attractive, a ponderous [[Red brick|red-brick]] country mansion of tile-hung gables and poky [[oriel window]]s".{{sfn|Garnett|2008|p=13}} Tilden, in his "highly unreliable"{{sfn|Bettley|1987|p=2}} memoirs, ''True Remembrances'', wrote of "creating Chartwell out of the drabness of [[Victorian era|Victorian]] umbrageousness".{{sfn|Tilden|1954|p=115}}