Editing Chernihiv (section)

==History==
===Early history===
Chernihiv was first mentioned (as {{lang|cu|Черниговъ}}){{citation needed|date=March 2022}} in the [[Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907)]], but the time of its establishment is unknown.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Олександер |first=Мишанич |title=Літопис Руський: За Іпатьским Списком Переклав Леогід Махимович |publisher=Дніпро |year=1989 |isbn=5308000522 |location=Київ |page=18 |language=uk}}</ref> Artifacts from the [[Khazars|Khazar]] [[Khagan]]ate uncovered by [[Archaeology|archaeological excavations]] at a settlement there indicate that it seems to have existed at least as early as the 9th century. Towards the end of the 10th century, the city probably had its own rulers. It was there that the [[Black Grave]], one of the largest and earliest [[tumulus|royal mounds]] in [[Eastern Europe]], was excavated in the 19th century.

The city was the second wealthiest and most important in the southern portion of the [[Kievan Rus']].<ref>[http://nasledie.russportal.ru/index.php?id=histrus.klhist07 Nasledie Svyatoy Rusi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402225507/http://nasledie.russportal.ru/index.php?id=histrus.klhist07 |date=2018-04-02 }} URL accessed on January 12, 2006</ref> From the early 11th century on, it was the seat of the powerful [[Principality of Chernigov]], whose rulers at times vied for power with [[Kiev]]an [[Grand prince|Grand Prince]]s, and often overthrew them and took the primary seat in Kiev for themselves.

The [[Grand prince|grand principality]] was the largest in Kievan Rus and included not only the [[Severia]]n towns but even such remote regions as [[Murom]], [[Ryazan]] and [[Tmutarakan]]. The [[Golden Age|golden age]] of Chernigov, when the city population peaked at 25,000<!--or 50,000? - see [[Kievan Rus']] for a ref-->, lasted until 1239 when the city was [[Mongol invasion of Rus'|sacked by the hordes]] of [[Batu Khan]], and entered a long period of relative obscurity.

The area fell under the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] in 1353. The city was burned again by [[Crimean Khanate|Crimean khan]] [[Meñli I Giray]] in 1482 and 1497 and in the 15th to 17th centuries changed hands several times between Lithuania, [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]] (1408–1420 and from 1503), and the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1618–1648), where it was granted [[Magdeburg rights]] in 1623 and in 1635 became a seat of [[Chernihiv Voivodeship]] in the [[Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Lesser Poland Province]].

The area's importance increased again in the middle of the 17th century during and after the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]]. In the [[Zaporozhian Cossacks|Hetman State]], Chernihiv was the city of deployment for the Chernihiv [[Cossack Hetmanate|Cossack]] [[polkovnyk|regiment]] (both a military and territorial unit of the state at the time).

===Imperial Russia===
Under the 1667 [[Truce of Andrusovo|Treaty of Andrusovo]] the legal [[suzerainty]] of the area was ceded to the [[Tsardom of Russia]], with Chernihiv remaining an important center of the autonomous [[Cossack Hetmanate]]. With the abolishment of the Hetmanate, the city became an ordinary administrative center of the [[Russian Empire]] and a capital of local administrative units. The area in general was ruled by the [[Governor-General]] appointed from [[Saint Petersburg]], the imperial capital, and Chernihiv was the capital of local [[Viceroy|namestnichestvo]] (province) (from 1782), [[Little Russia Governorate (1796-1802)|Malorosiyskaya]] or [[Little Russia]]n (from 1797) and [[Chernigov Governorate]] (from 1808).

According to the census of 1897, the city of Chernihiv had 11,000 [[Jews]] out of a total population of 27,006. Their primary occupations were industrial and commercial. Many tobacco plantations and fruit gardens in the neighborhood were owned by Jews. There were 1,321 Jewish artisans in Chernihiv, including 404 tailors and seamstresses, but the demand for artisan labor was limited to the town. There were 69 Jewish day-laborers, almost exclusively [[:wikt: teamster|teamsters]]. Few, however, were employed in factories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4308-chernigov|title=CHERNIGOV - JewishEncyclopedia.com|website=jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/chernigov|title = Chernigov}}</ref>

===World War II===
During [[World War II]], Chernihiv was occupied by the [[Wehrmacht|German Army]] from 9 September 1941 to 21 September 1943. The Germans operated a Nazi prison<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=802|title=Gefängnis Cernihiv|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=26 February 2022|language=de}}</ref> and a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] battalion for Jews in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100002307|title=Jüdisches Arbeitsbataillon Cernihiv|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=26 February 2022|language=de}}</ref>

===Independent Ukraine===
The [[:uk:Пам'ятники Чернігова|Statue of Lenin]] on [[Myru Avenue, Chernihiv|Myru Avenue]] was toppled on February 21, 2014, as part of the demolitions of the [[Demolition of monuments to Vladimir Lenin in Ukraine|statues of Lenin in Ukraine]].<ref name="pravda-2014-02-22">{{cite web|title="Leninopad" continues – monuments dismantled in Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava and Chernihiv|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/22/7015627/|publisher=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]|date=2014-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{youTube|6X4KzlEMioI|The monument of Lenin in Chernihiv has fallen}}</ref>

Until 18 July 2020, Chernihiv was designated as a [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|city of oblast significance]] and did not belong to Chernihiv Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of [[Chernihiv Oblast]] to five, the city was merged into Chernihiv Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |date=17 July 2020 |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=uk}}</ref>

In June 2022, Chernihiv signed an agreement with [[Rzeszów|Rzeszów, Poland]] to become sister cities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rzeszow Signs Partnership Agreement With Chernihiv {{!}} MENAFN.COM |url=https://menafn.com/1104411532/Rzeszow-Signs-Partnership-Agreement-With-Chernihiv |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=menafn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rzeszow signs partnership agreement with Chernihiv |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3512211-rzeszow-signs-partnership-agreement-with-chernihiv.html |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=21 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

====Siege of Chernihiv====
[[File:Russian plane with bombs shot down over Chernihiv (1).jpg|thumb|А Russian [[Sukhoi Su-34|Su-34]] with bombs shot down over Chernihiv]]
{{Main article|Siege of Chernihiv}}
On 24 February 2022, during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the city was under siege by the [[Russian Armed Forces]] according to the Russian Ministry of Defense,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://t.me/bbbreaking/116512|title=Раньше всех. Ну почти.|website=t.me|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> in its first [[Battle of Chernihiv|battle]] since the Second World War. On 10 March 2022, [[Vladyslav Atroshenko|Mayor Vladyslav Atroshenko]] announced that the city had been completely encircled by Russian forces.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Santora |first=Marc |date=2022-03-10 |title=What Happened on Day 15 of Russia's Invasion of Ukraine |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/10/world/ukraine-russia-war |access-date=2022-03-18 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

On 5 April 2022, [[Governor of Chernihiv Oblast]] [[Vyacheslav Chaus]] stated that the Russian military had left Chernihiv Oblast, but that it had planted mines in many areas.<ref>[https://ukranews.com/en/news/846757-russian-military-leaves-chernihiv-region-plants-mines-in-many-areas-governor-chaus Russian Military Leaves Chernihiv Region, Plants Mines In Many Areas - Governor Chaus], [[Ukrainian News Agency]] (5 April 2022)</ref><ref name=hrw_2022_05_03>{{cite web |url= https://www.0462.ua/news/3382032/10-najbils-zrujnovanih-mist-ukraini-sered-akih-i-misto-geroj-cernigiv-video |title=10 найбільш зруйнованих міст України, серед яких і місто-герой – Чернігів (ВІДЕО) |date=2022-05-03 |publisher=0462}}</ref><ref name=hrw_2022_05_24>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-61554365 |title=Три месяца войны России в Украине: главные события, фотографии и инфографика |date=2022-05-24 |work=BBC News {{!}} Русская служба}}</ref>

On 19 August 2023, a Russian [[August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike|missile strike]] killed seven in the city. On 17 April 2024, another Russian missile strike killed around 18 people in the city.<ref>{{cite news | title=Russia hits Chernihiv, killing 18 as Ukraine pleads for air defense| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/04/17/chernihiv-missile-strike-civilians-killed/ |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=17 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024| author=Siobhán O'Grady, Kostiantyn Khudov}}</ref>