Editing Ciliary body (section)

===Nerve supply===
[[File:Ciliary ganglion pathways.png|thumb|right|380px|Ciliary [[ganglion]] with parasympathetic fibers of ciliary nerves.]]
The parasympathetic innervation of the ciliary body is the most clearly understood.  Presynaptic parasympathetic signals that originate in the [[Edinger-Westphal nucleus]] are carried by cranial nerve III (the [[oculomotor nerve]]) and travel through the [[ciliary ganglion]].  Postsynaptic fibers from the ciliary ganglion form the short ciliary nerves.  [[Parasympathetic]] activation of the M3 [[muscarinic receptors]] causes ciliary muscle contraction, the effect of contraction is to decrease the diameter of the ring of ciliary muscle.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Moore KL, Dalley AF | title = Clinically Oriented Anatomy | chapter = Head (chapter 7) | page = [https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/972 972] | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | year = 2006 | edition = 5th | isbn = 0-7817-3639-0 | chapter-url-access = registration | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/972 }}</ref> The parasympathetic tone is dominant when a higher degree of accommodation of the lens is required, such as reading a book.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Ryan E. |last1=Hibbs |first2=Alexander C. |last2=Zambon |chapter=Agents Acting at the Neuromuscular Junction and Autonomic Ganglia |chapter-url=http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=374&sectionid=41266217&jumpsectionID=41268392 |editor1-first=Laurence L. |editor1-last=Brunton |editor2-first=Bruce A. |editor2-last=Chabner |editor3-first=Björn C. |editor3-last=Knollmann |title=Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2011 |edition=12th |isbn=978-0-07-162442-8 |title-link=Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |access-date=2015-05-22 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220848/http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=374&sectionid=41266217&jumpsectionID=41268392 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The ciliary body is also known to receive sympathetic innervation via long ciliary nerves.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=4198985 |year=1973 |last1=Ruskell |first1=G. L. |title=Sympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscle in monkeys |journal=Experimental Eye Research |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=183–90 |doi=10.1016/0014-4835(73)90212-1}}</ref>  When test subjects are startled, their eyes automatically adjust for distance vision.<ref name=pmid13823443>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0002-9394(59)90269-7 |pmid=13823443 |title=Autonomic Innervation of the Ciliary Body: A Modified Theory of Accommodation |journal=American Journal of Ophthalmology |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=287–93 |year=1959 |last1=Fleming |first1=David G. |last2=Hall |first2=James L. }}</ref>