Editing Ciudad Real (section)

== Geography ==
=== Location ===
[[File:(Ciudad Real) Ciudad Real Central Airport & Province, Spain (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Satellite view of Ciudad Real and [[Miguelturra]]]]

Ciudad Real is located in the southern half of the [[Meseta Central|Inner Plateau]], in the central part of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], at about 625 [[metres above sea level]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dipucr.es/documentos-vias-y-obras-infraestructura/altitud-nucleos-de-poblacion/download|title=Altitud núcleos de población|publisher=[[Provincial Deputation of Ciudad Real|Diputación Provincial de Ciudad Real]]|date=13 June 2016|format=[[.pdf]]|access-date=3 August 2020}}</ref>

The city is part of the [[Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field|Campo de Calatrava]] natural region, a transitional region between the ''Montes'' and [[La Mancha]], remarkable in the context of the Iberian Peninsula because of its volcanic origin.{{Sfn|García Ráyego|1997|p=12}} The plaza del Pilar is precisely built on the centre of a shallow volcanic [[maar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://elviajero.elpais.com/elviajero/2012/04/13/actualidad/1334351288_850215.html|website=[[El País]]|date=13 April 2012|title=Tapeo en tres plazas manchegas|first=Andrés|last=Campos}}</ref> As Ciudad Real itself was the capital of the province of La Mancha in the 18th century, the whole [[province of Ciudad Real]] is often considered as part of La Mancha in a wider sense.{{Sfn|García Ráyego|1997|p=16}}

The location of Ciudad Real—without any major water stream passing through the city—leaves the [[Guadiana]] to the North and the {{ill|Jabalón|es}} (a left-bank tributary of the former) to the South.{{Sfn|García Ráyego|1997|p=16}}

The urban nucleus was founded 7.5&nbsp;km to the North-East of [[Alarcos]] (a fortified archeological site located on a hill).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ciudadreal.es/documentos/direcciongralplanificacion/pgouciudadreal/informacion/mediofisicoysocial/elementosyzonasdeespecialinteres2baja.pdf|website=Ayuntamiento de Ciudad Real|title=Parajes de interés del término municipal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Historia|url=https://turismo.ciudadreal.es/que-visitar-en-ciudad-real/historia/|publisher=Oficina de Turismo. Ayuntamiento de Ciudad Real}}</ref> Despite enjoying a location at the crossroads of the [[Madrid]]–[[Andalusia]] and the [[Levante, Spain|Levante]]–[[Portugal]] corridors, the city did not particularly prosper historically thanks to this circumstance.{{Sfn|Cañizares|Ubaldo Gosálvez|Martínez|Rodríguez|2009|p=97}} The city currently forms a near urban continuum with neighbouring [[Miguelturra]].{{Sfn|Cañizares|Ubaldo Gosálvez|Martínez|Rodríguez|2009|p=101}}

=== Climate ===
The city has a [[Semi-arid climate|cold semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk''),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de |title=Evolución de los climas de Köppen en España en el periodo 1951-2020 - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/NT_37_AEMET |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=www.aemet.es |language=es}}</ref> with cool winters (due to its altitude) and hot to very hot dry summers. Like many other cities of Castilla-La-Mancha, the precipitation is limited throughout the year. It has one of the highest annual temperature ranges in the Iberian Peninsula, exceeding {{Convert|20.0|C|F}}.

The precipitation in the Campo de Calatrava is sparse, with a high year-to-year variability and the area features high levels of [[evapotranspiration]], particularly in Summer.{{Sfn|Becerra Ramírez|Cañizares Ruiz|Escobar Lahoz|González Cárdenas|2009|p=92}}

{{Weather box
| location = Ciudad Real 628m  (1991-2020), extremes (1920-present)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 20.4
| Feb record high C = 25.0
| Mar record high C = 30.0
| Apr record high C = 35.1
| May record high C = 38.6
| Jun record high C = 42.7
| Jul record high C = 44.2
| Aug record high C = 42.6
| Sep record high C = 40.0
| Oct record high C = 33.2
| Nov record high C = 28.0
| Dec record high C = 20.2
| year record high C = 44.2
| Jan high C = 11.1
| Feb high C = 13.8
| Mar high C = 17.7
| Apr high C = 20.3
| May high C = 25.1
| Jun high C = 31.0
| Jul high C = 34.9
| Aug high C = 34.2
| Sep high C = 28.3
| Oct high C = 22.0
| Nov high C = 15.1
| Dec high C = 11.5
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = 6.3
| Feb mean C = 8.2
| Mar mean C = 11.5
| Apr mean C = 14.0
| May mean C = 18.4
| Jun mean C = 23.7
| Jul mean C = 27.2
| Aug mean C = 26.7
| Sep mean C = 21.7
| Oct mean C = 16.2
| Nov mean C = 10.2
| Dec mean C = 7.0
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 1.5
| Feb low C = 2.6
| Mar low C = 5.2
| Apr low C = 7.7
| May low C = 11.6
| Jun low C = 16.4
| Jul low C = 19.5
| Aug low C = 19.2
| Sep low C = 15.1
| Oct low C = 10.4
| Nov low C = 5.3
| Dec low C = 2.5
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -13.8
| Feb record low C = -9.4
| Mar record low C = -7.0
| Apr record low C = -3.8
| May record low C = 0.0
| Jun record low C = 4.2
| Jul record low C = 6.2
| Aug record low C = 7.2
| Sep record low C = 1.0
| Oct record low C = -3.0
| Nov record low C = -8.0
| Dec record low C = -10.2
| year record low C = -13.8
| Jan precipitation mm = 34.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 31.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 39.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 48.9
| May precipitation mm = 38.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 20.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 3.1
| Aug precipitation mm = 6.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 31.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 53.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 46.4
| Dec precipitation mm = 51.8
| Jan precipitation days = 6.1
| Feb precipitation days = 5.5
| Mar precipitation days = 5.6
| Apr precipitation days = 7.5
| May precipitation days = 6.0
| Jun precipitation days = 2.9
| Jul precipitation days = 0.6
| Aug precipitation days = 1.0
| Sep precipitation days = 3.9
| Oct precipitation days = 6.7
| Nov precipitation days = 6.7
| Dec precipitation days = 6.7
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan snow days  =1
| Feb snow days  =0.9
| Mar snow days  =0.3
| Apr snow days  =0
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0
| Dec snow days  =0.3
| year snow days =
| Jan humidity = 78
| Feb humidity = 70
| Mar humidity = 61
| Apr humidity = 58
| May humidity = 51
| Jun humidity = 42
| Jul humidity = 35
| Aug humidity = 39
| Sep humidity = 51
| Oct humidity = 65
| Nov humidity = 75
| Dec humidity = 81
| year humidity = 
| Jan sun = 136
| Feb sun = 170
| Mar sun = 217
| Apr sun = 237
| May sun = 273
| Jun sun = 327
| Jul sun = 366
| Aug sun = 335
| Sep sun = 264
| Oct sun = 208
| Nov sun = 141
| Dec sun = 124
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 45
| Feb percentsun = 56
| Mar percentsun = 58
| Apr percentsun = 60
| May percentsun = 62
| Jun percentsun = 73
| Jul percentsun = 81
| Aug percentsun = 79
| Sep percentsun = 71
| Oct percentsun = 60
| Nov percentsun = 47
| Dec percentsun = 42
| year percentsun = 
| source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]] (AEMET OpenData)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio|title=AEMET OpenData|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url= https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=clm&l=4121&datos=det&x=4121&m=13&v=todos
 |title=Valores extremos. Ciudad Real}}</ref>
| date = September 2024
| source = 
}}


{{Weather box
| location = Ciudad Real 628m  (1981-2010)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| collapsed=yes
| Jan high C = 10.9
| Feb high C = 13.7
| Mar high C = 17.9
| Apr high C = 19.7
| May high C = 24.1
| Jun high C = 30.5
| Jul high C = 34.5
| Aug high C = 33.7
| Sep high C = 28.4
| Oct high C = 21.5
| Nov high C = 15.1
| Dec high C = 11.4
| year high C = 21.8
| Jan mean C = 6.0
| Feb mean C = 8.0
| Mar mean C = 11.4
| Apr mean C = 13.4
| May mean C = 17.5
| Jun mean C = 23.2
| Jul mean C = 26.7
| Aug mean C = 26.1
| Sep mean C = 21.6
| Oct mean C = 15.8
| Nov mean C = 10.1
| Dec mean C = 6.9
| year mean C = 15.6
| Jan low C = 1.1
| Feb low C = 2.4
| Mar low C = 4.9
| Apr low C = 7.1
| May low C = 10.9
| Jun low C = 15.9
| Jul low C = 18.9
| Aug low C = 18.6
| Sep low C = 14.8
| Oct low C = 10.0
| Nov low C = 5.1
| Dec low C = 2.5
| year low C = 9.3
| Jan precipitation mm = 35.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 30.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 28.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 48.0
| May precipitation mm = 41.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 25.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 6.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 5.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 26.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 53.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 45.0
| Dec precipitation mm = 59.0
| Jan precipitation days = 5.9
| Feb precipitation days = 5.7
| Mar precipitation days = 4.7
| Apr precipitation days = 7.8
| May precipitation days = 6.3
| Jun precipitation days = 3.4
| Jul precipitation days = 0.8
| Aug precipitation days = 1.0
| Sep precipitation days = 3.6
| Oct precipitation days = 6.4
| Nov precipitation days = 6.4
| Dec precipitation days = 7.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan snow days  =1
| Feb snow days  =0.9
| Mar snow days  =0.2
| Apr snow days  =0.1
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0
| Dec snow days  =0.3
| year snow days =
| Jan humidity = 78.0
| Feb humidity = 71.0
| Mar humidity = 61.0
| Apr humidity = 59.0
| May humidity = 55.0
| Jun humidity = 46.0
| Jul humidity = 40.0
| Aug humidity = 43.0
| Sep humidity = 54.0
| Oct humidity = 67.0
| Nov humidity = 76.0
| Dec humidity = 81.0
| year humidity = 61.0
| Jan sun = 133
| Feb sun = 157
| Mar sun = 213
| Apr sun = 226
| May sun = 260
| Jun sun = 313
| Jul sun = 352
| Aug sun = 323
| Sep sun = 247
| Oct sun = 190
| Nov sun = 135
| Dec sun = 114
| year sun = 
| source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=4121&k=13|title=Valores Normales. Ciudad Real}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url= https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=clm&l=4121&datos=det&x=4121&m=13&v=todos
 |title=Valores extremos. Ciudad Real}}</ref>
| date = December 2023
| source = 
}}