Editing Cleft lip and cleft palate (section)

=== Cleft lip ===
If the cleft does not affect the palate structure of the mouth, it is referred to as cleft lip.  Cleft lip is formed in the top of the lip as either a small gap or an indentation in the lip (partial or incomplete cleft), or it continues into the nose (complete cleft). Lip cleft can occur as a one-sided (unilateral) or two-sided (bilateral) condition. It is due to the failure of fusion of the [[maxillary prominence]] and [[Frontonasal process#Nasal processes|medial nasal processes]] (formation of the primary palate).

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File:CleftLip1.svg|Unilateral incomplete
File:Cleftlip2.svg|Unilateral complete
File:CleftLip3.png|Bilateral complete
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A mild form of a cleft lip is a microform cleft.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim EK, Khang SK, Lee TJ, Kim TG | title = Clinical features of the microform cleft lip and the ultrastructural characteristics of the orbicularis oris muscle | journal = The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal | volume = 47 | issue = 3 | pages = 297–302 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 19860522 | doi = 10.1597/08-270.1 | s2cid = 71448247 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=Level C |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A microform cleft can appear as small as a little dent in the red part of the lip or look like a scar from the lip up to the nostril.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yuzuriha S, Mulliken JB | title = Minor-form, microform, and mini-microform cleft lip: anatomical features, operative techniques, and revisions | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 122 | issue = 5 | pages = 1485–1493 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 18971733 | doi = 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31818820bc | s2cid = 8551875 }}</ref> In some cases [[Orbicularis oris muscle|muscle tissue in the lip]] underneath the scar is affected and might require reconstructive surgery.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tosun Z, Hoşnuter M, Sentürk S, Savaci N | title = Reconstruction of microform cleft lip | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | pages = 232–235 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14582757 | doi = 10.1080/02844310310016412 | s2cid = 40850672 }}</ref> It is advised to have newborn infants with a microform cleft checked with a [[craniofacial team]] as soon as possible to determine the severity of the cleft.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tollefson TT, Humphrey CD, Larrabee WF, Adelson RT, Karimi K, Kriet JD | title = The spectrum of isolated congenital nasal deformities resembling the cleft lip nasal morphology | journal = Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | pages = 152–160 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21576661 | doi = 10.1001/archfacial.2011.26 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

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File:13900470 3PREOPERATION0.jpg|Six-month-old girl before going into surgery to have her unilateral complete cleft lip repaired
File:10-month-old girl showing scar from facial reconstruction surgery for cleft lip.jpg|The same girl, one month after the surgery
File:8-year-old girl showing scar from infantile facial reconstruction surgery.jpg|The same girl, age eight, the scar almost gone
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