Editing Close-in weapon system (section)

===Limitations of gun systems===
CIWS systems are short range: the maximum effective range of gun systems is about {{convert|5000|m}}; systems with lighter projectiles have even shorter range. The expected real-world kill-distance of an incoming anti-ship missile is about {{convert |500|m| abbr = on}} or less,<ref>{{citation | url = http://dspace.dsto.defence.gov.au/dspace/bitstream/1947/3526/1/DSTO-TN-0565.pdf | title = Limitations of Guns as a Defence against Manoeuvring Air Weapons | date = June 2004 | first1 = Christian | last1 = Wachsberger | first2 = Michael | last2 = Lucas | first3 = Alexander | last3 = Krstic | publisher = DSTO Systems Sciences Laboratory | page = 36 | access-date = 2012-07-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323141253/http://dspace.dsto.defence.gov.au/dspace/bitstream/1947/3526/1/DSTO-TN-0565.pdf | archive-date = 2012-03-23 | url-status = dead }}</ref> still close enough to cause damage to the ship's sensor or communication arrays, or to wound or kill exposed personnel. Thus some CIWS like Russian [[Kashtan CIWS|Kashtan]] and Pantsir systems are augmented by installing the close range [[surface-to-air missile]]s on the same mounting for increased tactical flexibility.

They have a limited kill probability compared to other antiair guns.  Even if the missile is hit and damaged, this may not be enough to destroy it entirely or to alter its course. Even in the case of a direct hit, the missile or fragments from it may still impact the intended target, particularly if the final interception distance is short. This is especially true if the gun fires [[Kinetic projectile|kinetic-energy]]-only projectiles.<ref>Discovery Channel  Discovery Channel Science Top 10 Weapon: Fire Power</ref>