Editing Close and open harmony (section)

== Instrumental music ==
[[Impressionist Music|Impressionist]] composers like [[Claude Debussy]] and [[Maurice Ravel]] often used close harmony in their works and other intervals, such as 7ths, 9ths, and 11ths may be used since the chords have four or more notes and the harmonies are more complex.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} In [[jazz]], this influence flowered in the works of [[George Gershwin]] and [[Duke Ellington]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Hasse|first=John Edward|title=Beyond Category: The Life and Genius of Duke Ellington|year=1995|location=New York|publisher=Da Capo|isbn=0-306-80614-2}}</ref>

A well-known example of consistent instrumental close harmony is [[Glenn Miller]]'s "[[Moonlight Serenade]]" which uses the full range of single-reed [[wind instrument]]s (soprano clarinet, alto, tenor, and baritone saxophones) to make a distinctive sound by harmonizing the different sections all within a single octave.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} Miller studied the [[Schillinger system|Schillinger technique]] with [[Joseph Schillinger]],<ref>"[http://www.theschillingerschoolofmusic.org/biog.php Joseph Schillinger, the forgotten Guru] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504001230/http://www.theschillingerschoolofmusic.org/biog.php|date=May 4, 2006}}", ''The Schillinger School of Music''.</ref> who is credited with helping Miller create the "Miller sound", and under whose tutelage he himself composed what became his signature theme, "Moonlight Serenade".<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090219020019/http://schillingersystem.com/whois.htm Who Is Joseph Schillinger?]", ''The Schillinger System''.</ref>