Editing Coca eradication (section)

==Socioeconomic impact==
In the [[wikt:sierra|sierra]] of Peru, Bolivia, and northern [[Argentina]], coca has been consumed (by chewing and brewing in [[infusion]]) for thousands of years as a stimulant and cure for [[altitude sickness]]; it also has symbolic value. The sale and consumption of coca (but not pure cocaine) is legal and legitimate in these countries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

With the growth of the Colombian [[drug cartel]]s in the 1980s, coca leaf became a valuable agricultural commodity, particularly in Peru and Bolivia, where the quality of coca is higher than in Colombia. To supply the foreign markets, the cartels expanded the cultivation to areas where coca was not a traditional crop. Many poor [[Peasant|campesinos]], driven from the central highlands by lack of land or loss of jobs, migrated to the lowlands and valleys of the eastern [[Andes]], where they turned to the cultivation of coca.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

To counter this development, the U.S. government, through its foreign aid agency [[USAID]], has promoted a policy of crop substitution, whereby coca cultivation is replaced by [[coffee]], [[banana]], [[pineapple]], [[Heart of palm|palm heart]], and other crops suitable for a tropical climate. However; many remote coca-growing areas lack the infrastructure to get such perishable products to market on time. Coca on the other hand stores well and is easily transportable.  The price of coca has remained high and in many cases remains a more attractive crop to farmers than these alternatives.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Despite these obstacles, many farmers have embraced alternative crops. In 2006, Bolivia, as a result of alternative development programs, exported US$28 million of banana, US$1.9 million of pineapple, and US$7.0 million of palm heart.<ref>Bolivian Chamber of Exporters - CAMEX</ref> These industries now employ more than 20,000 people in the Chapare region.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}