Editing Coercive monopoly (section)

==Establishing a coercive monopoly==
According to business ethicist John Hasnas, "most [contemporary business ethicists] take for granted that a free market produces coercive monopolies."<ref name=Hasnas1998/> However, some people, including Alan Greenspan and Nathaniel Branden, argue that such independence from competitive forces "can be accomplished only by an act of government intervention, in the form of special regulations, subsidies, or franchises."<ref name="polyconomics Antitrust"/><ref>Branden, Nathaniel, [http://www.nathanielbranden.com/catalog/articles_essays/question_of_monopolies.html ''''The Question of Monopolies''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024121108/http://www.nathanielbranden.com/catalog/articles_essays/question_of_monopolies.html |date=October 24, 2005}}, from ''The Objectivist Newsletter'' (June 1962)</ref> Some point out that a coercive monopolist may "employ violence" to create or maintain a coercive monopoly.<ref name=Rothbard>[[Murray Rothbard|Rothbard, Murray]], [http://www.mises.org/rothbard/ethics/twentytwo.asp ''The State Versus Liberty''] in ''The Ethics of Liberty'' by Rothbard (1982)</ref>

Some{{Who|date=March 2022}} recommend that government ''create'' coercive monopolies. For example, claims of [[natural monopoly]] are often used as justification for government intervening to establish a [[statutory monopoly]] ([[government monopoly]] or [[government-granted monopoly]]) where competition is outlawed, under the claim that multiple firms providing a good or service entails more collective costs to an economy than would be the case if a single firm provided that good or service. This has often been done with electricity, water, telecommunications, and mail delivery. Some economists{{Who|date=March 2022}} believe that such coercive monopolies are beneficial because of greater [[economies of scale]] and because they are more likely to act in the [[national interest]]. Conversely, Judge [[Richard Posner]] famously argued in ''Natural Monopoly and Its Regulation'' that the [[deadweight loss]]es associated with regulating such monopolies were greater than any possible benefit.<ref>[[Richard Posner|Posner, Richard A.]] ''Natural Monopoly and Its Regulation'' ({{ISBN|1-882577-81-7}}).</ref>