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Cognitive neuroscience
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===Origins in philosophy=== Philosophers have always been interested in the mind: "the idea that explaining a phenomenon involves understanding the mechanism responsible for it has deep roots in the History of Philosophy from atomic theories in 5th century B.C. to its rebirth in the 17th and 18th century in the works of Galileo, Descartes, and Boyle. Among others, it's Descartes' idea that machines humans build could work as models of scientific explanation."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sirgiovanni|first1=Elisabetta|title=The Mechanistic Approach to Psychiatric Classification|journal=Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences|date=2009|volume=2|issue=2|pages=45β49|url=http://www.crossingdialogues.com/Ms-C09-02.pdf}}</ref> For example, [[Aristotle]] thought the brain was the body's cooling system and the [[cardiocentric hypothesis|capacity for intelligence was located in the heart]]. It has been suggested that the first person to believe otherwise was the Roman physician [[Galen]] in the second century AD, who declared that the brain was the source of mental activity,<ref name=Uttal2011>{{cite book |last1=Uttal |first1=William R. |title=Mind and Brain: A Critical Appraisal of Cognitive Neuroscience |date=2011 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-29803-2 }}{{page needed|date=December 2021}}</ref> although this has also been accredited to [[Alcmaeon of Croton|Alcmaeon]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gross |first1=Charles G. |title=Aristotle on the Brain |journal=The Neuroscientist |date=July 1995 |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=245β250 |doi=10.1177/107385849500100408 }}</ref> However, Galen believed that personality and emotion were not generated by the brain, but rather by other organs. [[Andreas Vesalius]], an anatomist and physician, was the first to believe that the brain and the nervous system are the center of the mind and emotion.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=C.U.M. |title=Cardiocentric Neurophysiology: The Persistence of a Delusion |journal=Journal of the History of the Neurosciences |date=January 2013 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=6β13 |doi=10.1080/0964704X.2011.650899 |pmid=23323528 }}</ref> [[Psychology]], a major contributing field to cognitive neuroscience, emerged from philosophical reasoning about the mind.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hatfield |first1=Gary |title=Psychology, Philosophy, and Cognitive Science: Reflections on the History and Philosophy of Experimental Psychology |journal=Mind & Language |date=June 2002 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=207β232 |doi=10.1111/1468-0017.00196 }}</ref>
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