Editing Coliform bacteria (section)

=== Incidence of coliform outbreaks ===

==== ''Escherichia coli'' O157 ====
As of November 15, 2021, seven states in the USA declared ten cases of illnesses from an ''E. coli'' O157:H7 strain.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web | work = Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition |date=2022-01-06 |title=Outbreak Investigation of E. Coli O157:H7 – Spinach (November 2021) |url=https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/outbreak-investigation-e-coli-o157h7-spinach-november-2021 | publisher = U.S. Food and Drug Administration  |language=en}}</ref> These cases were reported from October 15, 2021 through October 27, 2021 and an investigation was carried out by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture and FDA.<ref name=":8" /> It was concluded that packages of spinach collected from homes of infected people were contaminated with a strain of ''E. coli'' that matched the strain causing illness.<ref name=":8" /> This was determined by performing [[whole genome sequencing]] on the strain extracted from the spinach and comparing it to the strain taken from infected individuals.<ref name=":8" />

As of February 7, 2022, the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada reported a collective fourteen confirmed cases of ''E. coli'' O157 strain illnesses.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web | work = Public Health Agency of Canada |date=2022-01-29 |title=Public Health Notice: Outbreak of E. coli infections linked to Hankook (Korean characters only) brand Original Kimchi |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/public-health-notices/2022/outbreak-e-coli-infections-linked-handkook-brand-original-kimchi.html |access-date=2022-03-24 }}</ref> These were reported between December 2021 and January 2022, and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), and Health Canada were able to determine a specific brand of Original Kimchi to be the source of the organism.<ref name=":9" /> On January 28, 2022 and February 6, 2022, the CFIA issued a recall on Hankook Original Kimchi.<ref name=":9" />