Editing Collet Barker (section)

===Northern Territory===
On 13 September 1828 he arrived as the new commandant of [[Fort Wellington, Australia|Fort Wellington]], the settlement at [[Raffles Bay]] in the [[Northern Territory]].

When Barker arrived to take up command at Fort Wellington, relations between the Aboriginal people and the settlers under the previous command of [[Captain (Army)|Captain]] Henry Smyth had deteriorated to the point of mutual fear and hostility. In his first dispatch to [[Ralph Darling|Governor Darling]], Barker reported, "Nothing has been seen of the Natives for a considerable time; they appear to have deserted the immediate neighbourhood". A series of thefts and spearings by the Aborigines led to the former commandant offering a reward of five pounds for "any native who could be brought in, hoping that, by keeping such individual at the settlement, it might have the effect of preventing any further hostility".<ref name="Darling1829">Darling to Huskisson, 3 September 1829, ''[[Historical Records of Australia]]''.{{Page needed|date=October 2018}}</ref>

The result of this, to further quote Darling, was a "very gross outrage".<ref name="Darling1829" /> A six-year-old Aboriginal girl named Riveral was captured during a raid on an encampment by six men from the settlement, including armed convicts.<ref name="Connor2002">{{Citation | last= Connor | first= John | title= Australian Frontier Wars, 1788–1838 | publisher= [[University of New South Wales Press]] | location= Sydney | year= 2002 | isbn= 0-86840-756-9 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JWE5r39Ed1oC }}, p. 74–77.</ref> Private Charles Miller, in evidence sworn to an enquiry, stated the following.<ref>Captain H. Smyth to [[Alexander Macleay|Colonial Secretary Macleay]], 12 February 1828, ''[[Historical Records of Australia]]'', Series&nbsp;III, [http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au/store/3/4/9/2/5/public/B13858427S3V6Series%203.%20Volume%20VI.%20Complete%20work.pdf Volume&nbsp;VI], p. 781–789.</ref>
{{quote|text=
At this time two fires appeared close to the beach... they proceeded onward and discovered four others and made for them... they found them close to each other and from fifty to sixty natives surrounded them, whose voices they heard through the thick scrub, before they saw them their mode of attack was then formed, they went round the scrub and got sight of them within 40 yards; three of the party then advanced and fired, in order to strike panic into them and to enable the party to take some of them prisoners; it had the desired effect for a moment, for they all started but very soon returned and commenced throwing their spears very fast. The other two stand of arms loaded and in reserve with two men in the rear... and immediately discharged... they again fled, some into the bush and others into the water... One man apparently badly wounded crept on his hand and knees towards the water; a woman also had retreated towards the water, but returned for two children whom she took up and made again for the water; they afterwards discovered the whole of these four had been wounded, which he supposed were by some of the first five shots. Volunteer James Murray and himself endeavoured to take the woman and child prisoners; she was a very large and powerful woman. She made desperate resistance, rushed into the water, and he gave her a wound with the bayonet; this he certainly should not have done had he been certain it was a woman; but fearing that an escape would be made, he was determined if possible to secure the person. The children were afterwards brought on shore, one was dead and the other was slightly wounded; the woman fell and he supposed died in the water.}}

It was with this background that Collet Barker began his command, on 13 September 1828.<ref name="Connor2002" /> Barker first made contact with the local Aboriginal people on 25 November 1828, when Costello the stockman reported that he had made contact. Barker and Davis the surgeon were taken to the place of contact, where they met ten men, whom they presented with handkerchiefs, a pair of scissors, and some bread. The group invited Barker to accompany them, which Barker declined to do, though he tried to convey that he would be pleased to do so another time. Barker recorded his second contact with the local inhabitants in his journal, dated 2 December 1828, as follows.<ref>Journal of Capt. Collet Barker, 2 December 1828, P.43. ([[State Archives and Records Authority of New South Wales]]).</ref> 
{{quote| text=... as we were cruising along the shore some natives were discovered. We made friendly signs to each other and I ran the boat in and landed unarmed desiring everyone else to remain in the boat. On our approach to the beach the natives returned some distance from it, evidently in a little alarm. I advanced to show I supposed them to be, and soon fell in with one who seemed to be a chief. We exchanged presents, I giving him a handkerchief and he giving me a spear, unheaded, and the stick for throwing it. He had perhaps taken off the head. He also gave me a string of beads...I asked for Wellington and he pointed to himself and repeated the name. Another native soon came up and afterwards a third. They did not want me to go with them and appeared rather in a hurry. When I got on board again I found there was a bit of bread in the boat and I sent my servant with it. The doctor went with him. They ate up the bread immediately and the chief took off a pair of bracelets and gave them to the doctor.}}

It was soon after this that the aborigines approached the settlement and were induced to enter by Barker's sending Norrie, their Malay interpreter's daughter, to take Wellington's hand and lead him into the fort. Over the following months, Barker had restored relations to the point where he was able to go off alone with the locals on trips for days at a time with complete safety.

One of the reasons for the establishment of the settlement was to try to establish commercial contacts with the Malay or [[Macassan]] fishers who regularly sailed their [[proa]]s to the Northern shores of Australia in search of the [[Holothuroidea|trepang]], or sea-slugs, which they traded with the Chinese. Over the course of the year over 1000 seafarers visited the shores of [[Raffles Bay]] and showed keen interest in establishing trade with Barker's outpost. Barker in his journals, records many Aboriginal names, words and aspects of Aboriginal culture gleaned through the regular contact that was developed with the local inhabitants. There continued to be sources of friction between the two cultures, especially the theft of the settlement's canoes. Barker solved this by negotiating to lend the canoes and found that by the July, they were being returned with fish and tortoise shell in them as thanks.

Orders to abandon the settlement had been received before Barker's dispatches reporting the success of his contacts with the Macassan fishers and the improvements in their relations with the Aboriginal inhabitants could affect the outcome of Governor Darling's decision. Barker then moved on to become commandant of the British settlement at [[King George Sound]], stopping off at the new settlement of [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]], [[Perth]], on the way.