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Column chromatography
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== Stationary phase == [[File:Fraction collector - sampler LAMBDA OMNICOLL.jpg|thumbnail|250px|Automated fraction collector and sampler for chromatography techniques]] The ''stationary phase'' or ''adsorbent'' in column chromatography is a solid. The most common stationary phase for column chromatography is [[silica gel]], the next most common being [[Aluminium oxide|alumina]]. [[Cellulose]] powder has often been used in the past. A wide range of stationary phases are available in order to perform [[ion exchange chromatography]], [[reversed-phase chromatography]] (RP), [[affinity chromatography]] or [[expanded bed adsorption]] (EBA). The [[stationary phase (chemistry)|stationary phase]]s are usually finely ground powders or gels and/or are microporous for an increased surface, though in EBA a fluidized bed is used. There is an important ratio between the stationary phase weight and the dry weight of the analyte mixture that can be applied onto the column. For silica column chromatography, this ratio lies within 20:1 to 100:1, depending on how close to each other the analyte components are being eluted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.reachdevices.com/SetUpColumn.html|title=How to set-up a flash chromatography silica column and actually succeed at separation|website=reachdevices.com|publisher=REACH Devices, LLC.|access-date=3 Jan 2019}}</ref>
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