Editing Commonsense reasoning (section)

== Commonsense reasoning problem ==
[[File:Détection de personne - exemple 3.jpg|thumb|A [[self-driving car]] system may use a [[Neural network (machine learning)|neural network]] to determine which parts of the picture seem to match previous training images of pedestrians, and then model those areas as slow-moving but somewhat unpredictable rectangular prisms that must be avoided.]]
Compared with humans, existing AI lacks several features of human commonsense reasoning; most notably, humans have powerful mechanisms for reasoning about "[[naïve physics]]" such as space, time, and physical interactions. This enables even young children to easily make inferences like "If I roll this pen off a table, it will fall on the floor". Humans also have a powerful mechanism of "[[folk psychology]]" that helps them to interpret natural-language sentences such as "The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they advocated violence". (A generic AI has difficulty discerning whether the ones alleged to be advocating violence are the councilmen or the demonstrators.)<ref name="Davis Marcus"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Cultivating Common Sense {{!}} DiscoverMagazine.com|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2017/april-2017/cultivating-common-sense|access-date=24 March 2018|work=Discover Magazine|date=2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325045222/http://discovermagazine.com/2017/april-2017/cultivating-common-sense|archive-date=25 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winograd|first1=Terry|title=Understanding natural language|journal=Cognitive Psychology|date=January 1972|volume=3|issue=1|pages=1–191|doi=10.1016/0010-0285(72)90002-3}}</ref> This lack of "common knowledge" means that AI often makes different mistakes than humans make, in ways that can seem incomprehensible. For example, existing [[self-driving car]]s cannot reason about the location nor the intentions of pedestrians in the exact way that humans do, and instead must use non-human modes of reasoning to avoid accidents.<ref>{{cite news|title=Don't worry: Autonomous cars aren't coming tomorrow (or next year)|url=http://autoweek.com/article/technology/fully-autonomous-vehicles-are-more-decade-down-road|access-date=24 March 2018|work=Autoweek|date=2016|archive-date=25 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325052230/http://autoweek.com/article/technology/fully-autonomous-vehicles-are-more-decade-down-road|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Knight|first1=Will |title=Boston may be famous for bad drivers, but it's the testing ground for a smarter self-driving car |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608871/finally-a-driverless-car-with-some-common-sense/ |access-date=27 March 2018|work=MIT Technology Review|date=2017|archive-date=22 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822201548/https://www.technologyreview.com/2017/09/20/149046/finally-a-driverless-car-with-some-common-sense/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Prakken|first1=Henry |title=On the problem of making autonomous vehicles conform to traffic law|journal=Artificial Intelligence and Law|date=31 August 2017|volume=25|issue=3|pages=341–363 |doi=10.1007/s10506-017-9210-0 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Overlapping subtopics of commonsense reasoning include quantities and measurements, time and space, physics, minds, society, plans and goals, and actions and change.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thomason |first=Richmond |date=2003-08-27 |title=Logic and Artificial Intelligence |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/logic-ai/}}</ref>