Editing CompStat (section)

==Impact==
CompStat shifted the focus of the NYPD from 'service and the beat cop' to 'crime and commanding officers': a greater emphasis was placed on issuing formal arrests and summonses and the NYPD shifted towards a centralized and top-down [[scientific management]] approach.<ref name="Eterno"/> Crime rates decreased while CompStat was implemented, leading to widespread public praise of the program.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Didier |first=Emmanuel |date=2018-07-30 |title=Globalization of Quantitative Policing: Between Management and Statactivism |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053308 |journal=Annual Review of Sociology |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=515–534 |doi=10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053308 |issn=0360-0572 |s2cid=150164073|url-access=subscription }}</ref> At the same time, civilian complaints against the NYPD increased.<ref name="Eterno"/> Scholars have inconclusively debated whether CompStat played a role.<ref name="Eterno"/><ref name=":0"/> Proponents of CompStat have argued that the program was responsible for the decrease, others have noted decreases in other cities with different policing models during the same period.<ref name="Eterno"/><ref name="Smith"/> 

An anonymous survey of retired high-ranking police officials found that pressure to reduce crime prompted some supervisors and precinct commanders to distort crime statistics.<ref name="Chen">{{Cite news |last=Chen |first=David W. |date=2010-02-08 |title=Survey Raises Questions on Data-Driven Policy |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/09/nyregion/09mayor.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2010 NYPD officer [[Adrian Schoolcraft]] released recordings of his superiors urging him to manipulate data: his captain demanded an increase in summonses issued under threat of retaliation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/10/nyregion/10quotas.html|title=Secret Tape Has Police Pressing Ticket Quotas|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=10 September 2010 |access-date=2016-06-02|last1=Baker |first1=Al |last2=Rivera |first2=Ray }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Parascandola |first=Rocco |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/brooklyn/2010/09/11/2010-09-11_cop_in_scandal_no_fines_no_jobs.html |title=Cop in scandal: No fines, no jobs |publisher=NY Daily News |date=2010-09-11 |access-date=2016-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=Associated Press|author=Colleen Long and Tom Hayes|date=October 9, 2010|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2010/10/09/national/a094224D52.DTL&ao=2#ixzz11yBYEM4N|title=Cop who made tapes accuses NYPD of false arrest}}</ref> In 2014 Justice Quarterly published an article stating that there was statistical evidence of the NYPD manipulating CompStat data.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/files/justice%20quarterly%20article%20Eterno%20Verma%20Silverman.pdf|title=Police Manipulations of Crime Reporting: Insiders' Revelations|website=Justice Quarterly|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> A 2021 study found that CompStat led to an increase in minor arrests but no impact on serious crime and led police to engage in data manipulation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eckhouse|first=Laurel|date=2021|title=Metrics Management and Bureaucratic Accountability: Evidence from Policing|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajps.12661|journal=American Journal of Political Science|volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=385–401 |language=en|doi=10.1111/ajps.12661|s2cid=243672885 |issn=1540-5907|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In [[Floyd v. City of New York]] (2013), Judge Scheindlin ruled that CompStat led to pressure to conduct more [[Stop-and-frisk in New York City|stop-and-frisk searches]] without review of their constitutionality and "resulted in the disproportionate and discriminatory stopping of blacks and Hispanics".<ref name=":0"/>

Bratton heavily marketed CompStat and used it to market himself in the press.<ref name=":0"/> When he became the [[LAPD]] Chief of Police in 2002, he quickly installed the system there as well. In 2004, a survey found 11% and 32% of small and large police departments respectively had adopted a CompStat-like program.<ref name=":0"/> A 2011 survey by the [[Police Executive Research Forum]] (PERFS) found that 79% of their member agencies utilized CompStat and 52% had begun using it between 2006 and 2010.<ref name="Eterno"/> The program has been adopted globally, notably in the United Kingdom, France, Canada, Australia, and Mexico.<ref name=":0"/> A report by the [[Brennan Center for Justice]] in 2016 found that mass incarceration had a minimal effect on reducing crime in the United States but CompStat had a modest one. It noted that the NYPD's implementation might be an outlier due to its size and unique implementation.<ref name="Roeder">{{Cite report |url=https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/what-caused-crime-decline |title=What Caused the Crime Decline? |last=Roeder |first=Oliver |last2=Eisen |first2=Lauren-Brooke |date=February 12, 2015 |publisher=Brennan Center for Justice |language=en |last3=Bowling |first3=Julia}}</ref> The program has also been adopted as an all-purpose management technique; in 2010 Mayor Bloomberg had every city service subjected to a CompStat-like evaluation.<ref name=":0"/>