Editing Computer-assisted translation (section)

== Concepts ==

===Translation memory software===
[[Translation memory]] programs store previously translated source texts and their equivalent target texts in a database and retrieve related segments during the translation of new texts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Terminology Management and MT|url=http://www.circuitmagazine.org/images/stories/documents/archives/ci_117_12.pdf|journal=Circuit|volume=117}}</ref>

Such programs split the source text into manageable units known as "segments". A source-text sentence or sentence-like unit (headings, titles or elements in a list) may be considered a segment. Texts may also be segmented into larger units such as paragraphs or small ones, such as clauses. As the translator works through a document, the software displays each source segment in turn, and provides a previous translation for re-use if it finds a matching source segment in its database. If it does not, the program allows the translator to enter a translation for the new segment. After the translation for a segment is completed, the program stores the new translation and moves on to the next segment. In the dominant paradigm, the translation memory is, in principle, a simple database of fields containing the source language segment, the translation of the segment, and other information such as segment creation date, last access, translator name, and so on. Another translation memory approach does not involve the creation of a database, relying on aligned reference documents instead.<ref>{{cite web|title=CAT Tools vs. Machine Translation: What's the Best Method?|date=21 December 2015 |url=https://asianabsolute.co.uk/cat-tools-vs-machine-translation-whats-the-best-method/|publisher=Asian Absolute|access-date=29 January 2017}}</ref>

Some translation memory programs function as [[Computer software|standalone]] environments, while others function as an [[Plug-in (computing)|add-on]] or [[Macro (computer science)|macro]] for commercially available word-processing or other business software programs. Add-on programs allow source documents from other formats, such as desktop publishing files, [[spreadsheet]]s, or [[HTML]] code, to be handled using the TM program. For an example, see [[MEMOrg]].

===Language search-engine software===
New to the [[translation industry]], Language search-engine software is typically an Internet-based system that works similarly to Internet search engines. Rather than searching the Internet, however, a language search engine searches a large repository of Translation Memories to find previously translated sentence fragments, phrases, whole sentences, even complete paragraphs that match source document segments.

Language search engines are designed to leverage modern search technology to conduct searches based on the source words in context to ensure that the search results match the meaning of the source segments. Like traditional TM tools, the value of a language search engine rests heavily on the Translation Memory repository it searches against.

===Terminology management software===
[[Terminology]] management software provides the translator a means of automatically searching a given terminology database for terms appearing in a document, either by automatically displaying terms in the translation memory software interface window or through the use of hot keys to view the entry in the terminology database. Some programs have other hotkey combinations allowing the translator to add new terminology pairs to the terminology database on the fly during translation. Some of the more advanced systems enable translators to check, either interactively or in [[batch processing|batch mode]], if the correct source/target term combination has been used within and across the translation memory segments in a given project. Independent terminology management systems also exist that can provide workflow functionality, visual taxonomy, work as a type of term checker (similar to spell checker, terms that have not been used correctly are flagged) and can support other types of multilingual term facet classifications such as pictures, videos, or sound.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://etudiant.uqo.ca/tamacanada2008/documents/Tama_workshop_warburton.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-10-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425021222/http://etudiant.uqo.ca/tamacanada2008/documents/Tama_workshop_warburton.pdf |archive-date=2012-04-25 }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

===Alignment software===
The process of binding a source language segment to its corresponding target language segment.
The purpose is to create a translation memory database or to add to an existing one.

===Interactive machine translation===
[[Interactive machine translation]] is a paradigm in which the automatic system attempts to predict the translation the human translator is going to produce by suggesting translation hypotheses. These hypotheses may either be the complete sentence, or the part of the sentence that is yet to be translated.

===Augmented translation===
Augmented translation is a form of human translation carried out within an integrated technology environment that provides translators access to subsegment adaptive [[machine translation]] (MT) and [[translation memory]] (TM), [[#Terminology_management_software|terminology lookup]] (CAT), and automatic content enrichment (ACE) to aid their work, and that automates project management, file handling, and other ancillary tasks.<ref name="depalma-lommel 2017">{{cite web |url=http://www.commonsenseadvisory.com/Default.aspx?Contenttype=ArticleDetAD&tabID=63&Aid=37907&moduleId=390 |title=Augmented Translation Powers up Language Services |last=DePalma  |first=Donald A. and Arle Lommel |date=2017-02-15 |publisher=Common Sense Advisory |access-date=2017-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/focus/cognitive-technologies/artificial-intelligence-government.html |title=AI-augmented government: Using cognitive technologies to redesign public sector work |last=Eggers  |first=William D., David Schatsky, and Dr. Peter Viechnicki |date=2017-04-26 |publisher=Deloitte University Press |access-date=2017-05-19}}</ref>

Based on the concept of [[augmented reality]], augmented translation seeks to make translators more productive by providing them with relevant information on an as-needed basis. This information adapts to the habits and style of individual translators in order to accelerate their work and increase productivity. It differs from classical [[Postediting|postediting of MT]], which has linguists revise entire texts translated by machines, in that it provides machine translation and information as suggestions that can be adopted in their entirety, edited, or ignored, as appropriate.<ref name="depalma-lommel 2017"/>

Augmented translation extends principles first developed in the 1980s that made their way into CAT tools. However, it integrates several functions that have previously been discrete into one environment. For example, translators historically have had to leave their translation environments to do terminology research, but in an augmented environment, an ACE component would automatically provide links to information about terms and concepts found in the text directly within the environment.

As of May 2017, no full implementations of an augmented translation environment exist, although individual developers have created partial systems.