Editing Computer-mediated communication (section)

== Scope ==
[[File:SmileyFaceEmoticonExample.png|thumb|222x222px|Example of [[emoticon]] use, a [[Paralanguage|paralinguistic]] aspect of computer-mediated communication.]]
Scholars from a variety of fields study phenomena that can be described under the umbrella term of computer-mediated communication (CMC) (see also [[Internet studies]]). For example, many take a [[Social psychology (sociology)|sociopsychological]] approach to CMC by examining how humans use "computers" (or [[digital media]]) to manage interpersonal interaction, form impressions and maintain relationships.<ref name="Walther96">{{cite journal |last1=Walther |first1=Joseph B. |title=Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Interaction |journal=Communication Research |date=1 February 1996 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=3–43 |doi=10.1177/009365096023001001 |s2cid=152119884 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walther |first1=Joseph B. |last2=Burgoon |first2=Judee K. |title=Relational Communication in Computer-Mediated Interaction |journal=Human Communication Research |date=1992 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=50–88 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2958.1992.tb00295.x |hdl=10150/185294 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> These studies have often focused on the differences between online and offline interactions, though contemporary research is moving towards the view that CMC should be studied as embedded in everyday life.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haythornthwaite |first1=Caroline |last2=Wellman |first2=Barry |chapter=The Internet in everyday life: An introduction |pages=3–41 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v-UR_2QRFpwC&pg=PA3 |editor1-last=Wellman |editor1-first=Barry |editor2-last=Haythornthwaite |editor2-first=Caroline |title=The Internet in Everyday Life |date=2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-77738-1 }}</ref> Another branch of CMC research examines the use of [[paralanguage|paralinguistic]] features such as [[emoticon]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Skovholt |first1=Karianne |last2=Grønning |first2=Anette |last3=Kankaanranta |first3=Anne |title=The Communicative Functions of Emoticons in Workplace E-Mails: :-) |journal=Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication |date=1 July 2014 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=780–797 |doi=10.1111/jcc4.12063 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[pragmatics|pragmatic]] rules such as [[turn-taking]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Garcia |first1=Angela Cora |last2=Jacobs |first2=Jennifer Baker |title=The Eyes of the Beholder: Understanding the Turn-Taking System in Quasi-Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication |journal=Research on Language and Social Interaction |date=1 October 1999 |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=337–367 |doi=10.1207/S15327973rls3204_2 }}</ref> and the [[sequential analysis]] and organization of talk,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Herring |first1=Susan |title=Interactional Coherence in CMC |journal=Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication |date=1 June 1999 |volume=4 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/j.1083-6101.1999.tb00106.x |s2cid=5070516 }}</ref> and the various [[sociolect]]s, [[Stylistics (linguistics)|styles]], [[Register (sociolinguistics)|registers]] or sets of terminology specific to these environments (see [[Leet]]). The study of language in these contexts is typically based on text-based forms of CMC, and is sometimes referred to as "computer-mediated discourse analysis".<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1109/HICSS.1999.772674 |chapter=Interactional coherence in CMC |title=Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences. 1999. HICSS-32. Abstracts and CD-ROM of Full Papers |year=1999 |last1=Herring |first1=S.C. |page=13 |isbn=0-7695-0001-3 |s2cid=29601555 }}</ref>

The way humans communicate in professional, social, and educational settings varies widely, depending upon not only the environment but also the method of communication in which the communication occurs, which in this case is through computers or other information and communication technologies ([[Information and communications technology|ICTs]]). The study of communication to achieve [[collaboration]]&mdash;common work products&mdash;is termed [[computer-supported collaboration]] and includes only some of the concerns of other forms of CMC research.

Popular forms of CMC include [[e-mail]], [[Video teleconference|video]], [[voice over IP|audio]] or [[text chat]] (text conferencing including "instant messaging"), [[bulletin board system]]s, [[mailing list|list-servs]], and [[Massively multiplayer online game|MMOs]]. These settings are changing rapidly with the development of new technologies.  [[Weblog]]s (blogs) have also become popular, and the exchange of [[RSS (file format)|RSS]] data has better enabled users to each "become their own publisher".