Editing Conrad Hall (section)

==Career==
=== 1949–1966 ===
After graduation Hall collaborated with his classmates, Marvin R. Weinstein and [[Jack Couffer|Jack C. Couffer]], to create Canyon Films in 1949. In the beginning they made advertising commercials and documentaries and did pickup shots for features. In 1956 Canyon Films acquired a short film, ''My Brother Down There,'' which allowed Hall to enter into the cameraman position and become part of the International Photographers Guild. However, the Guild made Canyon Films hire an established Guild Cameraman for ''My Brother Down There'', denying Hall credit, even though he shot the entire film. Instead he was credited as the visual consultant, after [[United Artists]] released the film under the new title ''[[Running Target]]''.

Once ''Running Target'' was finished Canyon Films dissolved, and its members went off on their own paths.  Since Hall was part of the Guild, he was able to work as an assistant cameraman at the side of many influential cinematographers such as [[Hal Mohr|Hall Mohr]], [[Ernest Haller|Ernie Haller]], Burnie Guffey and [[Ted McCord (cinematographer)|Ted McCord]], who were all part of the ASC. Following a year of working as an assistant cameraman, he was awarded the chance to be the camera operator on the television series ''[[Stoney Burke (TV series)|Stoney Burke]]''. In 1963, he began filming another television series called ''[[The Outer Limits (1963 TV series)|The Outer Limits]]''. Then, in 1964, he shot his first feature-length black and white film, ''[[Wild Seed (film)|Wild Seed]]'', which was made in roughly 24 days with producer [[Albert S. Ruddy]].

Hall's breakthrough came with ''[[Morituri (1965 film)|Morituri]]'' in 1965, for which he received his first Oscar nomination.  In the following year Hall shot ''[[Incubus (1966 film)|Incubus]]'', ''[[The Professionals (1966 film)|The Professionals]],'' and ''[[Harper (film)|Harper]]'', which was his first color film. His first collaboration with director [[Richard Brooks]] on ''The Professionals'' was put in motion by assistant director Tom Shaw, who worked with Hall on ''Wild Seed'' and recommended him to Brooks; the work resulted in his second Oscar nomination.

=== 1967–1976 ===
Their second collaboration, 1967's ''[[In Cold Blood (film)|In Cold Blood]]'', resulted in yet another Oscar nomination.<ref name=":0" /> It is notable for the documentary feel and location shots, which were rare at the time. In that same year, Hall shot ''[[Cool Hand Luke]]'' and ''[[Divorce American Style]]''. ''Cool Hand Luke'' is known for being shot in Panavision, which contributed to its lush color palette.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cinematography's Hall of Fame |last=Brodesser |first=Claude |id = {{ProQuest|236330589}}}}</ref>  In 1968, Hall filmed ''[[Hell in the Pacific]]'' for director [[John Boorman]], which was not a box-office success but has since become a cult classic.

In 1969, Hall received his first Oscar for ''[[Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid]]''. To make ''Butch Cassidy'' visually compatible with the time period, he used experimental techniques, such as overexposing the negatives in order to mute the primary colors when printing it back (Hunter, 2003). The result was considered an innovative success. He made two other films that year, ''[[The Happy Ending]]'' and ''[[Tell Them Willie Boy Is Here|Tell them Willie Boy is Here]].'' In 1972, Hall shot ''[[Fat City (film)|Fat City]],'' with director John Huston. ''Fat City'' was known for its grainy texture to reflect the harsh reality of the storyline.<ref name=":0" /> In 1973 he shot the police thriller ''[[Electra Glide in Blue]]'', followed by ''[[Smile (1975 film)|Smile]]'' and ''[[The Day of the Locust (film)|The Day of the Locust]]'' in 1975, the latter of which earned him his fifth Oscar nomination. In 1976 he shot ''[[Marathon Man (film)|Marathon Man]]'' with director [[John Schlesinger]] which was one of the first to use the [[Steadicam]] technique (although it was not the first to be released).

=== 1987–2002 ===
After shooting 18 films in 12 years, Hall took an 11-year break. Around the same time he teamed up with noted cinematographer [[Haskell Wexler]] to make a commercial production company (Vinson, 1987). This allowed him to not only be the cameraman on his own work, but also the director. The break for him was about understanding and learning from others about their unique techniques. As Hall stated: "At heart I am more than a cinematographer. I'm a filmmaker."<ref name=":0" /> This led to his exploration of writing, such as an adaptation of the novel ''[[If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem|The Wild Palms]]''.

Hall returned to the film industry in 1987 to shoot ''[[Black Widow (1987 film)|Black Widow]]''. In 1988, Hall became part of the union crew for ''[[Tequila Sunrise (film)|Tequila Sunrise]]'' after a few complications.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=The International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers 4 |last=Vinson |first=James |year=1987}}</ref> His work resulted in a sixth Oscar nomination. Also in 1988, the ASC gave Hall an outstanding achievement award. After his work on ''Tequila Sunrise,'' he picked up his old pace, making ''[[Class Action (film)|Class Action]]'' (1991), ''[[Jennifer 8]]'' (1992), ''[[Searching for Bobby Fischer]]'' (1993) and ''[[Love Affair (1994 film)|Love Affair]]'' (1994) one after the other. ''[[Searching for Bobby Fischer]]'' received an Oscar nomination for cinematography, his seventh.

In 1994, Hall was honored with the lifetime achievement award from the [[American Society of Cinematographers]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Lifetime of Achievement: Conrad Hall, ASC |url=https://theasc.com/articles/lifetime-of-achievement-conrad-hall-asc |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=The American Society of Cinematographers |language=en}}</ref> In 1998, he shot ''[[Without Limits]]'' and was Oscar nominated for ''[[A Civil Action (film)|A Civil Action]]'', followed by his second win for ''[[American Beauty (1999 film)|American Beauty]]'' in 1999. ''American Beauty'', his first collaboration with director [[Sam Mendes]], highlighted his "unique use of the hand-held camera to capture the film's heightened reality and almost dream-like atmosphere".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Horn |first=John |year=2003 |title=Obituaries; Conrad Hall, 76; Cinematographer Won Oscars for 'Butch Cassidy' and 'Beauty' |journal=[[Los Angeles Times]] |id={{ProQuest|421756791}} }}</ref> His final film was ''[[Road to Perdition]]'' in 2002, a second collaboration with Mendes, for which he was [[Posthumous award|posthumously]] awarded another [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]. In total, he won three Oscars throughout his 50-year career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=2022-11-13 |title=Sam Mendes Pays Tribute To Conrad Hall & Roger Deakins At Camerimage Opening Ceremony: "Cinematographers Have Always Been My Guide" |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/sam-mendes-pays-tribute-to-conrad-hall-roger-deakins-camerimage-1235170877/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2003-02-18 |title=Posthumous award for film legend |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2774621.stm |access-date=2024-09-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref>