Editing Controlled flight into terrain (section)

==Solutions==
Before the installation of the first electronic terrain warning systems, the only defenses against CFIT were conventional see-and-avoid aviation practices, pilot simulator training, [[crew resource management]] (CRM) and radar surveillance by [[air traffic service]]s. While refinements applied to those practices helped reduce the incidence of CFIT accidents, they did not eliminate them. 

To further assist in preventing CFIT accidents, manufacturers developed [[terrain awareness and warning system]]s (TAWS). The first generation of those systems was known as a [[ground proximity warning system]] (GPWS), which used a [[radar altimeter]] to assist in calculating terrain closure rates. That system was further improved with the addition of a [[GPS]] terrain database and is now known as an [[EGPWS|enhanced ground proximity warning system (EGPWS)]]. When combined with mandatory pilot simulator training which emphasizes proper responses to any caution or warning event, the system has proved very effective in preventing further CFIT accidents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/Products-Services/Avionics-Electronics/EGPWS-Home.html?c=21|title=Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System - Honeywell Aerospace|work=honeywell.com|access-date=2009-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718012212/http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/Products-Services/Avionics-Electronics/EGPWS-Home.html?c=21|archive-date=2014-07-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Smaller aircraft often use a GPS database of terrain to provide terrain warning. The GPS database contains a database of nearby terrain and will present terrain that is near the aircraft in red or yellow depending on its distance from the aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://buy.garmin.com/shop/shop.do?cID=153&pID=6420|title=Garmin|work=garmin.com|access-date=2010-01-07|archive-date=2017-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030043607/http://buy.garmin.com/shop/shop.do?cID=153|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[sterile flight deck rule]] was implemented to limit pilot distraction by banning any non-essential activities in the cockpit during critical phases of the flight, such as when operating at below {{convert|10000|ft|m}}.<ref name="psych">{{cite web|url=https://www.airlinesafety.com/editorials/CockpitCabinPsychology.htm |title=The Cockpit, the Cabin, and Social Psychology |year=1995 |publisher=airlinesafety.com |last=Baron |first=Robert A. |author-link=Robert A. Baron |access-date=7 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131204222509/https://airlinesafety.com/editorials/CockpitCabinPsychology.htm |archive-date = 2013-12-04}}</ref>