Editing Cope (section)

==Modern use==
===Catholic Church===
[[File:Beno%C3%AEt_xvi_manteau.jpg|thumb|A red papal cope, worn with a [[mitre]] by [[Pope Benedict XVI]]]]

Under all these different forms, the cope has not substantially changed its character or shape. The cope is a vestment for processions worn by all ranks of the clergy when assisting at a liturgical function, but it is never worn by the [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] and his sacred ministers in celebrating the Mass. At a [[Pontifical High Mass]] the cope was worn by the "[[assistant priest]]," a priest who assists the [[bishop]] who is the actual celebrant. In the [[Sarum Rite]], the Cope was also prescribed for members of the choir at various times.<ref name=cathenCope/>

It is now the vestment assigned to the celebrant, whether priest or bishop, for almost all functions except the Mass when the celebrant wears the chasuble instead. The cope is used, for example, in [[procession]]s, in the greater [[Blessing (Roman Catholic Church)|blessing]]s and [[consecration]]s, at the solemnly celebrated Liturgy of the Hours, in giving [[Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament]], and the celebration of other [[sacrament]]s outside of Mass. For most of these the celebrant may instead wear simply [[cassock]] and [[surplice]] or alb, both with the [[Stole (vestment)|stole]], for simpler celebrations. The chasuble, which is properly only worn for Mass, may also be worn during processions and other ceremonies that occur directly before or after Mass, such as the [[absolution]]s and [[funeral|burial of the dead]], at the [[Asperges]] before Mass, and at the blessing and imposition of the ashes on [[Ash Wednesday]], to avoid the need for the celebrant to change vestments.

The {{lang|la|[[Cæremoniale Episcoporum]]}} envisages its use by a bishop if presiding at but not celebrating Mass, for the Liturgy of the Hours, for processions, at the special ceremonies on the Feast of the [[Presentation of the Lord]], [[Lent]]en gatherings modelled on the "stations" in Rome, [[Palm Sunday]] and [[Corpus Christi (feast)|Corpus Christi]]. The bishop may use a cope when celebrating outside of Mass the sacraments of [[baptism]], [[confirmation]], [[matrimony]], [[penance]] in solemn form, [[ordination]] (if not concelebrating), and [[anointing of the sick]]. The list in the index of the {{lang|la|Cæremoniale Episcoporum}} continues with several more cases.

As regards [[liturgical colours]], the cope usually follows the color assigned to that day in the [[liturgical calendar]], although white may always be worn for celebrations of a joyful character or before the Blessed Sacrament, and violet may always be worn for celebrations of a [[penitence|penitential]] character. It may be made of any rich or becoming material, including [[cloth of gold]] (which may be used in place of any colour except violet or black). Owing to its ample dimensions and unvarying shape, ancient copes have been preserved in proportionately greater numbers than other vestments and provide the finest surviving specimens of medieval embroidery. Among these the "Syon Cope" in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], London, and the "Ascoli Cope" in the Pinacoteca Civica, [[Ascoli Piceno]], are remarkable as representing the highest excellence of that specially English thirteenth-century embroidery known as the {{lang|la|opus anglicanum}} ('English work'). Copes also provide some magnificent specimens of the jeweller's craft. The brooch or clasp, meant to fasten the cope in front, and variously called morse, pectoral, bottone, etc., was an object often in the highest degree precious and costly. The work which was the foundation of all the fortunes of [[Benvenuto Cellini]] was the magnificent morse which he made for Pope [[Clement VII]]. Some admirable examples of these morses still survive.

[[Image:Pope Paul VI wearing the mantum.jpg|right|thumb|[[Pope Paul VI]] wearing the mantum]]
The mantum is longer than a cope, and is fastened in the front by an elaborate morse. In earlier centuries it was red, at the time the papal colour. In the 11th and 12th centuries the ''immantatio'', or bestowal of the mantum on the newly-elected pope, was regarded as specially symbolical of [[investiture]] with papal authority. After the [[Second Vatican Council]] and the pontificate of [[Pope Paul VI]], the mantum fell out of use. Some old mantums have been made into copes by being shortened.<ref name=cathenCope/>

===={{lang|la|Cappa magna}}====
The {{lang|la|cappa magna}} ("great cape") is a voluminous mantle with a long [[Train (clothing)|train]], proper to [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]], bishops, and other honorary [[prelate]]s. It is a jurisdictional garment.<ref name=cathenCope/>

The {{lang|la|cappa magna}} is not strictly a liturgical vestment, but only a glorified {{lang|la|cappa choralis}}, or choir cope. It is worn in processions or in choir by those attending but not celebrating services. Its colour for cardinals is ordinarily red; for bishops it is violet. Cardinals and [[papal nuncio]]s are entitled to wear a {{lang|la|cappa magna}} of [[watered silk]].

The {{lang|la|cappa magna}} has a large hood, lined with [[Stoat|ermine]] in winter and silk in summer. It is made to cover not only the back, breast, and shoulders. The hood is functional and was in the past placed on the head and covered with the ''[[galero]]'', as when the pope created a new cardinal at a [[papal consistory|consistory]]. The hood is normally worn over the head only during [[Penitential Act|penitential rites]]. The few remaining cardinals who still use this garment wear red.

The ''[[motu proprio]]'' ''Valde solliciti''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/valde.htm |title=FIU.edu |access-date=2011-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060557/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/valde.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> of 30 November 1952 decreed that the train of the {{lang|la|cappa magna}} should be shortened by about half, from {{convert|15|to|7|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xx.htm |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |access-date=2011-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026202321/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/guide-xx.htm |archive-date=2015-10-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The 1969 "Instruction on the Dress, Titles and Coats-of-arms of Cardinals, Bishops and Lesser Prelates" laid down that:<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/instruction69.htm FIU.edu]</ref>

<blockquote>The {{lang|la|cappa magna}}, always without ermine, is no longer obligatory; it can be used only outside of Rome, in circumstances of very special solemnity.</blockquote>

It is hardly ever used, except in celebrations according to pre-1969 liturgical books, as when deacons of the [[Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest]] were [[ordained]] in 2009.<ref>[http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/cardinal-rod%C3%A9-photos-meditation Cardinal Rodé photos: a meditation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014073112/http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/cardinal-rod%C3%A9-photos-meditation |date=2010-10-14 }}</ref> The [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]] uses the ermine-lined winter {{lang|la|cappa}}, because he is bound by the complex and unalterable rules of the ''[[Status quo (Holy Land sites)|Status quo]]'', an 1852 [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[firman]] which regulates the delicate relations between the various religious groups that care for the religious sites in the [[Holy Land]]. This anomaly is most evident at the Midnight Mass on [[Christmas Eve]] in [[Bethlehem]].

===Anglican Communion===
{{multiple image|image1 = Copefront.jpg|direction=horizontal| width1 = 120|image2 = Copeback.jpg| width2 = 120|footer = An [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] [[priest]] wearing a cope over [[cassock]], [[surplice]] and [[Stole (vestment)|stole]]}}

The earliest [[Book of Common Prayer]] of the [[Church of England]] contemplated the continued use of the cope, with the post-[[English Reformation]] 1549 Prayer Book specifying that the priest at [[Holy Communion]] should wear "a vestment or cope". It was common, particularly in English cathedrals, for the priest or bishop to wear a cope for Holy Communion. In the contemporary [[Anglican Communion]], the cope can be worn. Lay ministers, such as [[Reader (liturgy)|readers]], are permitted to wear copes on certain occasions, and it is also a tradition for clergy to wear copes on diocesan occasions.

A cope is worn by the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] during the [[Coronation of the British monarch|coronation of the Sovereign]]. [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] presented a set of ornate copes to the Canons of [[Westminster Abbey]] as a coronation gift.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Elizabeth II |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/elizabeth-ii |website=Westminster Abbey}}</ref>

===Lutheran denominations===
[[File:Biskopsvigning Uppsala Domkyrka 2011-03-06 002.jpg|thumb|[[Church of Sweden]] bishops with [[crosier]]s wearing copes and [[mitre]]s over [[alb]]s, [[amice]]s, [[Stole (vestment)|stoles]] and [[pectoral cross]]es]]

The cope is usually worn only for processions and services of the Divine Office (morning and evening prayers) in most Lutheran denominations. In the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]], a cope is usually worn by the bishop when not serving as the presiding minister at Holy Communion. In the [[Church of Norway]] and the [[Church of Denmark]] the cope is reserved for use by bishops. It is infrequently worn by clerics in the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] or other Lutheran denominations, although its use has increased in recent decades.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Block |first=Mathew |date=2023-06-22 |title=LCMS reelects President Matthew Harrison |url=https://ilc-online.org/2023/06/22/lcms-reelects-president-matthew-harrison-2/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=International Lutheran Council |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the [[Church of Sweden]], bishops regularly wear the cope together with a mitre, crosier and pectoral cross. A cope can also be worn by priests on solemn and ceremonial occasions, such as when presiding over baptisms, weddings and funerals. Copes are not worn as a eucharistic vestment by either bishops or priests, when the chasuble is instead prescribed for both.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/vasterasstift/prastens-skrud|title=Prästens skrud|date=8 February 2018 }}</ref>

===Universities===
As part of [[academic dress]], the [[University of Cambridge]] uses a cope known as a {{lang|la|cappa clausa}}, made of scarlet superfine cloth with the cowl lined and the cape opening edged with white fur. This was once the [[Congregation (university)|congregation]] robe of a [[Doctor of Divinity]], but has now come to be the [[List of vice-chancellors of the University of Cambridge|Vice-Chancellor]]'s official congregation dress when conferring degrees. Professors, chairs of degree boards, and their deputies also wear a cope presenting candidates for higher doctoral degrees. The only other place that uses a cope is the [[University of the South]] (United States), where the cape hem is edged in fur.