Editing Copenhagen Consensus (section)

==Copenhagen Consensus 2012==
In May 2012, the third global Copenhagen Consensus<ref>Copenhagen Consensus 2012</ref> was held, gathering economists to analyze the costs and benefits of different approaches to tackling the world‘s biggest problems. The aim was to provide an answer to the question:
If you had $75bn for worthwhile causes, where should you start?
A panel including four Nobel laureates met in Copenhagen, Denmark, in May 2012. The panel’s deliberations were informed by thirty new economic research papers that were written just for the project by scholars from around the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Copenhagen Consensus 2012|url=http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com/Projects/copenhagen-consensus-2012}}</ref>

=== Economists ===
The panel members were the following, four of whom are [[List of Nobel laureates in Economics|Nobel Laureate economists]].
* [[Robert Mundell]]
* [[Nancy Stokey]]
* [[Thomas Schelling]]
* [[Vernon L. Smith|Vernon Smith]]
* [[Finn Kydland]]

=== Challenges ===
* [[Armed conflict]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/armed-conflict-0|title=Armed Conflict|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> 
* [[Biodiversity]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/biodiversity-0|title=Biodiversity|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref>  
* [[Chronic disease]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/chronic-disease-0|title=Chronic Disease|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> 
* [[Climate change (general concept)|Climate Change]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/climate-change|title=Climate Change|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> 
* [[Education]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/education|title=Education|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref>  
* [[Hunger]] and [[malnutrition]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/hunger-and-malnutrition-0|title=Hunger and Malnutrition|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> 
* [[Infectious disease]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/infectious-disease-0|title=Infectious Disease|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> 
* [[Natural disasters]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/natural-disasters-0|title=Natural Disasters|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> 
* [[Population growth]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/population-growth-0|title=Population Growth|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> 
* [[Water]] and [[sanitation]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/water-and-sanitation-0|title=Water and Sanitation|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref>
In addition, the Center commissioned research on [[Corruption]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/corruption-0|title=Corruption|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> and [[trade barrier]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://copenhagenconsensus.com/copenhagen-consensus-iii/trade-barriers-0|title=Trade Barriers|website=Copenhagen Consensus|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> but the Expert Panel did not rank these for Copenhagen Consensus 2012, because the solutions to these challenges are political rather than investment-related.

=== Outcome ===
Given the budget restraints, they found 16 investments worthy of investment (in descending order of desirability):<ref name="CC12 Outcome"/><br />

# Bundled [[micronutrient]] interventions to fight hunger and improve education
# Expanding the subsidy for [[malaria]] combination treatment
# Expanded childhood immunization coverage
# [[Deworming]] of schoolchildren, to improve educational and health outcomes
# Expanding [[tuberculosis]] treatment
# R&D to Increase yield enhancements, to decrease hunger, fight [[biodiversity]] destruction, and lessen the effects of [[climate change]]
# Investing in effective early warning systems to protect populations against natural disaster
# Strengthening surgical capacity
# [[Hepatitis B]] immunization
# Using low‐Cost drugs in the case of acute [[Myocardial infarction|heart attacks]] in poorer nations (these are already available in developed countries)
# Salt reduction campaign to reduce chronic disease
# [[Climate engineering|Geo‐engineering]] R&D into the feasibility of solar radiation management
# [[Conditional cash transfer]] for school attendance 
# Accelerated [[HIV]] vaccine R&D
# Extended field trial of information campaigns on the benefits from schooling
# [[Borehole]] and public hand pump intervention

=== Slate ranking ===
During the days of the Copenhagen Consensus 2012 conference, a series of articles was published in [[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] Magazine<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/copenhagen_consensus_2012.html|title=Copenhagen Consensus 2012|website=Slate Magazine|accessdate=21 August 2023}}</ref> each about a challenge that was discussed, and Slate readers could make their own ranking, voting for the solutions which they thought were best. Slate readers' ranking corresponded with that of the Expert Panel on many points, including the desirability of bundled micronutrient intervention; however, the most striking difference was in connection with the problem of [[Human overpopulation|overpopulation]]. [[Family planning]] ranked highest on the Slate priority list, whereas it didn't feature in the top 16 of the Expert Panel's prioritisation.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Slate priority list|journal=Slate|date=14 May 2012|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/copenhagen_consensus_2012/2012/05/nobel_laureates_decide_that_better_nutrition_is_the_best_way_to_help_the_poor_.html|last1=Lomborg|first1=Bjørn}}</ref>