Editing Crossfire (American TV program) (section)

== History ==
=== Braden–Buchanan years ===
The concept began in 1978 when [[Tom Braden]] and [[Pat Buchanan]] co-hosted a radio show on then-NBC-owned WRC radio in Washington. The program, on which the two men debated political issues, was highly praised, but its ratings were low and, in 1982, it was cancelled. At the time, [[Reese Schonfeld]], then President and CEO of [[CNN]], was searching for a replacement for his 10pm program. The program put the day's most important newsmaker in the spotlight, caught between a conservative and a liberal journalist. Their ratings, which were low by radio standards, were better than CNN's. Schonfeld signed the pair to a CNN contract for $75,000 each.

CNN's owner, [[Ted Turner]], objected to their hiring but Braden and Buchanan, with a signed contract, threatened a lawsuit. Turner backed down and agreed to give them a half hour at 11:30pm.

The program's original producer was Randy Douthit. It was executive produced by CNN's leading female executive, [[Gail Evans]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://nypost.com/1999/03/23/getting-to-the-top-cnn-style/ |title = Getting to the Top, CNN-Style|date = 1999-03-23}}</ref> The show soon gained ratings and was elevated to a 7:30pm time slot. In 1985, Buchanan left the show for a job as communications director in the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] White House. His replacement was conservative columnist [[Robert Novak]], who already had a talk show on CNN and was at the time also a regular on ''[[The McLaughlin Group]]''. In 1987, Buchanan returned to the show, replacing Novak. In 1989, Braden was replaced by [[Michael Kinsley]], a liberal columnist for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, and editor of ''[[The New Republic]]''.

=== Later years ===
In late 1991, Buchanan left the program to pursue the 1992 Republican Party nomination for the presidency, and was replaced by [[John H. Sununu|John Sununu]] in the conservative seat. Buchanan returned in 1993 and alternated with Sununu. In 1995, Buchanan again left the show to pursue an unsuccessful bid for the 1996 Republican nomination for president.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/pat_buchanan_leaves_msnbc_citing_IABolMr5f14JX6q0FTQqZI |title=Pat Buchanan leaves MSNBC, citing 'clamor from the left' |newspaper=New York Post |date=17 February 2012 |access-date=18 February 2012}}</ref> Novak returned to the show alternating with Sununu on the right. At about the same time, CNN began a weekend edition of the show, ''Crossfire Sunday''. The initial hosts were [[Bob Beckel]] on the left and [[Tony Snow]] on the right. After a few months Snow left for the newly formed [[Fox News Channel]], to be replaced by [[Lynne Cheney]].

Kinsley left the show at the end of 1995 and in early 1996, CNN selected two hosts to alternate on the left: [[Geraldine Ferraro]] and [[Bill Press]]. In 1997, Buchanan again returned to the program, replacing Novak on the right. At the end of the year Ferraro left the program and Press became the full-time representative of the left. A month later Sununu left the show, and Novak returned alternating with Buchanan. In February 1998, ''Crossfire Sunday'' was cancelled. [[File:CrossfireStudio.jpg|thumb|left|''Crossfire'' studio at the George Washington University in 2005]]

In 1999, Buchanan left the show for the last time and [[Mary Matalin]] was his replacement, alternating with Novak on the right. However, the show began to lose its audience, with the increasing popularity of alternatives like ''[[Hannity and Colmes]]'' on the Fox News Channel and ''[[Hardball with Chris Matthews|Hardball]]'' on [[MSNBC]]. In 2001, Matalin left the program to join the White House staff and she was replaced by [[Tucker Carlson]].

In 2002, the length of the program was increased to an hour. The show was presented live from [[George Washington University]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], and featured a live studio audience. Novak and Carlson retained their slots as alternating hosts on the right. [[Paul Begala]] and [[James Carville]] replaced Press on the left. The new style did not rate well, and in April 2003, ''Crossfire'' was reduced back to just half an hour and moved from prime-time to an afternoon slot.

=== Jon Stewart's appearance ===
{{Main|Jon Stewart's 2004 appearance on Crossfire|l1=Jon Stewart's 2004 appearance on ''Crossfire''}}
On October 15, 2004, [[Jon Stewart]], then host of ''[[The Daily Show]]'', appeared on the program to promote his book ''[[America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction]]''. He used his appearance on the show to raise criticisms of the format of ''Crossfire'' and the style of arguments presented on the show. He said the program failed its responsibility to the public discourse and indulged in partisan hackery, reducing news coverage of important issues to a series of talking points from both extremes of the political spectrum: "It's hurting America. Here is what I wanted to tell you guys: Stop."<ref name="Mordecai_JonStewart_interview">{{citation |url=https://www.upworthy.com/jon-stewarts-best-moment-wasnt-on-the-daily-show-it-was-the-day-he-eviscerated-cnn?c=pop |title=Jon Stewart's best moment wasn't on 'The Daily Show.' It was the day he eviscerated CNN |author=Adam Mordecai |date= August 6, 2015 |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="CNN_2004">{{citation |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=601&v=aFQFB5YpDZE |title=Jon Stewart on Crossfire |work=CNN |date=19 October 2004 |access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref>

Carlson attempted to counter Stewart's criticisms by reading examples of softball questions Stewart had asked of then-presidential candidate [[John Kerry]] during his recent interview on ''[[The Daily Show]]'', such as "How are you holding up?" and "Is it hard not to take [the attacks] personally?" Stewart argued that unlike Carlson and Begala he was a comedian, not a journalist, and therefore it was not his role to conduct hard-hitting interviews. Begala defended the show on the basis that it was intended as a forum for debate, to which Stewart responded that calling ''Crossfire'' a debate show was "like saying [[Professional wrestling|pro wrestling]] is a show about athletic competition."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFQFB5YpDZE#t=12m20s |title=Jon Stewart on Crossfire |publisher=YouTube |date=2006-01-16 |access-date=2009-08-05}}</ref> During the exchange, Carlson told Stewart, "I do think you're more fun on your show. Just my opinion," to which Stewart replied, "You know what's interesting, though? You're as big a dick on your show as you are on any show."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0410/15/cf.01.html |title=CNN.com – Transcripts |publisher=Transcripts.cnn.com |access-date=2014-01-29}}</ref>

Following his appearance, transcripts and live stream footage were released on the [[Internet]] and widely watched and discussed. At a time when the average number of viewers of the show was about 615,000, the episode drew 867,000 viewers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hines |first=Matt |url=http://news.cnet.com/Jon+Stewart+Crossfire+feud+ignites+Net+frenzy/2100-1026_3-5417676.html |title=Jon Stewart 'Crossfire' feud ignites Net frenzy |publisher=CNET News |access-date=2009-08-05}}</ref> Stewart later stated "It really was not my intent to be disruptive. I truly thought we'd have a goof about how terrible the program is at the top, and move on, but . . . the combination of their obstinance and my low blood sugar led to ''no bueno''."<ref>{{cite web|title=I am Jon Stewart, tiny host man. AMA!|url=http://nr.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/2maof9/i_am_jon_stewart_tiny_host_man_ama/cm2fj0p|website=Reddit.com|date=14 November 2014 |access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref>

=== Cancellation ===
[[File:Crossfire (TV show - logo).png|thumb|An older logo of the series]] 
In January 2005, the new president and CEO of CNN [[Jonathan Klein (CNN)|Jonathan Klein]] announced the cancellation of ''Crossfire''. Klein also announced that they would not be renewing Carlson's contract. Carlson claimed it was he who had chosen to leave, to take a job at [[MSNBC]].<ref>[https://nymag.com/news/media/68717/index6.html Chasing Fox], Gabriel Sherman, ''[[New York Magazine]]'', October 3, 2010</ref> In the news release containing the announcement, Klein indicated that he wanted to change the tone of shows on the network, and in interviews said he sympathized with Jon Stewart's criticisms of ''Crossfire''. Klein claimed he "wanted to move CNN away from what he called 'head-butting debate shows'."<ref>{{cite news|last=Carter |first=Bill |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/06/business/media/06crossfire.html |title=CNN Will Cancel ''Crossfire'' and Cut Ties to Commentator |work=The New York Times |date=2005-01-06 |access-date=2009-04-18}}</ref> The last episode aired on June 3, 2005 and the ''Crossfire'' pundits began appearing on ''Inside Politics'' the following Monday before relocating to that show's successor, ''[[The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer|The Situation Room]]''. However, the GWU ''Crossfire'' set remained in use for the CNN weekend program ''On the Story'', which had an audience interaction format.

=== Revival ===
A revival of ''Crossfire'' was announced on June 26, 2013, for a premiere in late 2013, with panelists [[Newt Gingrich]], [[S. E. Cupp]], [[Stephanie Cutter]], and [[Van Jones]].<ref name="xfire" /> CNN announced a launch of September 9, at the end of the Congressional recess and probable proposal by the White House to take some action against Syria.<ref name="Ahrens"/>

The new version differed from the original version in that the final segment, called "Cease Fire," will offer "an opportunity for hosts to look for common ground at the end of the program."<ref name=ceasefire>{{cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=6 September 2013|title=CNN To Force 'Crossfire' Hosts To Find Common Ground|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/cnn-to-force-crossfire-hosts-to-find-common-ground-1200601762/|access-date=6 September 2013}}</ref> There is also no audience, putting aside the format in the first version's iteration in the last few years to prevent the panelists from "playing for the audience".<ref name=ceasefire/>

Due to CNN's coverage of the [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 370]] disappearance, ''Crossfire'' was placed on "temporary hiatus" on March 11, 2014; an additional half-hour of ''The Situation Room'' was aired in its place. ''Crossfire'' returned to CNN's lineup on May 1, 2014.<ref name=wp-mh370crossover>{{cite news|last=Wemple|first=Erik|title=MH370 coverage: CNN's ''Crossfire'' remains on 'hiatus'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2014/03/31/mh370-coverage-cnns-crossfire-remains-on-hiatus/|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=4 April 2014}}</ref><ref name=tvnewser-crossfirereturnsagain>{{cite web|title=After Extended Hiatus, ''Crossfire'' Returns|url=http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/after-extended-hiatus-crossfire-returns_b223545|work=TVNewser|access-date=2 May 2014}}</ref> Following the [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 17]] incident in mid-July 2014, ''Crossfire'' was placed on hiatus again. On October 15, 2014—coincidentally, the ten-year anniversary of Stewart's appearance—the show was officially cancelled for the second time.<ref name=recanceled/>