Editing Cunedda (section)

== Early life ==
[[File:Magnusmaximus10100662cng (obverse).jpg|180px|thumb|Coin featuring [[Magnus Maximus]], Roman Emperor]]

Cunedda's family is traced back to a grandfather living in late [[Roman Britain]] named [[Padarn Beisrudd]].<ref name="beli22"/> His name literally translates as Paternus of the "red [[tunic]]" or the [[Paludamentum|scarlet cloak]],<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-CUNE-WLE-0380|title=CUNEDDA WLEDIG (fl. 450?), British prince|access-date=9 August 2022}}</ref> a colour attributed to Roman officers during the [[Roman Empire]]. One traditional interpretation identifies Padarn as a [[Roman people#Late antiquity|Roman]] ([[Romano-British]]) official of reasonably high rank who had been placed in command of the [[Votadini]] troops stationed in the [[Clackmannanshire]] region of [[Scotland]] in the 380s or earlier by the Roman Emperor [[Magnus Maximus]].

Alternatively, he may have been a frontier chieftain who was granted Roman military rank, a practice attested elsewhere along the empire's borders at the time. Possibly, Padarn's command in Scotland was assumed after his death by his son, Edern ({{langx|la|Æturnus}}), and then passed to Edern's son, Cunedda, who would later be the founder of the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]] and become its first King.<ref name="lines222"/>

=== Genealogy ===
{{see also|House of Gwynedd#Beli Mawr legendary descent}}
Cunedda's [[genealogy]], as many early Welsh Royal families, was later said to descend from [[Afallach]], son of [[Beli Mawr]], the legendary father of King [[Cassivellaunus]].<ref name="beli22">{{cite web |url=https://journals.library.wales/view/1386446/1389339/116#?xywh=-1251%2C50%2C7230%2C3621 |last=Nicholson |first=E. Williams B. |date=1908 |title=The Dynasty of Cunedag and the 'Harleian Genealogies' |volume=XXI |publisher=[[Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion]] |publication-place=London |pages=63, 67–105 (Beli "magnus")}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/medieval-welsh-genealogy/pedigrees-of-the-kings-of-gwynedd/2EA6360E6505F208A51C4588923958E5 |chapter=The Pedigrees of the Kings of Gwynedd |author=Ben Guy |title=Medieval Welsh Genealogy |year=2020 |pages=233–264 |doi=10.1017/9781787448988.006 |isbn=978-1-78744-898-8 |access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://academic.oup.com/book/10443/chapter-abstract/158305477?redirectedFrom=fulltext |title=11 The Britons and the Northumbrians, 547-685:The Evidence, by T.M. Charles-Edwards, page 343-380, November 2012 |chapter=The Britons and the Northumbrians, 547–685: The Evidence |date=29 November 2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198217312.003.0012 |isbn=978-0-19-821731-2 |access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref> Cassivellaunus was a [[British Iron Age|pre-Roman]] historical figure who fought against [[Julius Caesar]] during his [[Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain|invasion of Britain]] in 54 BC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://classics.mit.edu/Caesar/gallic.5.5.html |title=The Gallic Wars By Julius Caesar Translated by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn, Provided by The Internet Classics Archive, Massachusetts Institute of Technology |access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref>

[[Coel Hen]], possibly based on a historical figure from post-Roman Britain, was said to be Cunedda's father-in-law and also to be a descendant of Beli Mawr.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukga.org/browse.php?action=ViewRec&DB=33&bookID=231&pagecount=1338&submit=Next |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain |date=1906 |page=1328 |author=Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms |access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref><ref name="David Ewan Thomson 15–16">{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/3869372 |title=A neglected genealogy of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd |website=www.academia.edu |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |pages=15–16 |author=David Ewan Thomson |date=January 1992 |access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="beli22"/><ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/medieval-welsh-genealogy/earliest-welsh-genealogical-collections-the-st-davids-recension-and-the-gwynedd-collection-of-genealogies/25E3AFC615CF6884D62E225E6639CF6E |chapter=The Earliest Welsh Genealogical Collections: The St Davids Recension and the Gwynedd Collection of Genealogies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |author=Ben Guy |title=Medieval Welsh Genealogy |year=2020 |pages=51–100 |doi=10.1017/9781787448988.003 |isbn=978-1-78744-898-8 |access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref> As head of the [[House of Gwynedd]], Cunedda's line was claimed to continue through to [[Rhodri Mawr]], and the subsequent houses of [[House of Aberffraw|Aberffraw]], [[House of Dinefwr|Dinefwr]], and [[House of Mathrafal|Mathrafal]].<ref name="lines222"/>