Editing Cyclodextrin (section)

===Drug delivery===
Cyclodextrins are ingredients in more than 30 different approved medicines.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s10847-021-01055-9 | title = Macrocycles as drug-enhancing excipients in pharmaceutical formulations | year = 2021 | vauthors = Gu A, Wheate N | journal = Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry| volume = 100 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 55–69 | s2cid = 233139034 }}</ref> With a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior, cyclodextrins form complexes with hydrophobic compounds. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin are all [[generally recognized as safe]] by the U.S. FDA.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedasSafeGRAS/GRASListings/ucm154385.htm | id = GRAS Notice No. GRN 000155 | title = Alpha-cyclodextrin | publisher = U.S Food and Drug Administration }}; {{cite web | url = http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedasSafeGRAS/GRASListings/ucm154182.htm | id = GRAS Notice No. GRN 000074 | title = Beta-cyclodextrin | publisher = U.S Food and Drug Administration }}; {{cite web | url = http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedasSafeGRAS/GRASListings/ucm153769.htm | id = GRAS Notice No. GRN 000046 | title = Gamma-cyclodextrin | publisher = U.S Food and Drug Administration }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Uekama K, Hirayama F, Irie T | title = Cyclodextrin Drug Carrier Systems | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 98 | issue = 5 | pages = 2045–2076 | date = July 1998 | pmid = 11848959 | doi = 10.1021/CR970025P }}</ref> They have been applied for delivery of a variety of drugs, including hydrocortisone, prostaglandin, nitroglycerin, itraconazole, chloramphenicol.  The cyclodextrin confers solubility and stability to these drugs.<ref name=Ullmann/>  The inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic molecules are able to penetrate body tissues, these can be used to release biologically active compounds under specific conditions.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Becket G, Schep LJ, Tan MY | title = Improvement of the in vitro dissolution of praziquantel by complexation with alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins | journal = International Journal of Pharmaceutics | volume = 179 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–71 | date = March 1999 | pmid = 10053203 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00382-2 }}</ref> In most cases the mechanism of controlled degradation of such complexes is based on [[pH]] change of water solutions, leading to the loss of hydrogen or ionic bonds between the host and the guest molecules. Alternative means for the disruption of the complexes take advantage of heating or action of enzymes able to cleave α-1,4 linkages between glucose monomers. Cyclodextrins were also shown to enhance mucosal penetration of drugs.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Morrison PW, Connon CJ, Khutoryanskiy VV | title = Cyclodextrin-mediated enhancement of riboflavin solubility and corneal permeability | journal = Molecular Pharmaceutics | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 756–762 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23294178 | doi = 10.1021/mp3005963 | url = https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/101359/ }}</ref>