Editing DX encoding (section)

==Implementation==
===DX cartridge barcode===
[[File:Agfaphoto APX 400 (new emulsion) 135 film cartridge 04.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Agfa APX 400, cartridge number 017712]]
Next to the film exit lip is an [[Interleaved 2 of 5]] [[barcode]] and a printed number. The six digits represent the I3A assigned [[DX number]] (middle four digits), the number of exposures (last digit) and a proprietary manufacturer's code (first digit). The DX number identifies the manufacturer, film type, and by inference, the necessary developing process type. This is used by automatic photo-finishing machines to correctly process the exposed film.<ref name=":0" />

===DX film edge barcode===
[[Image:Dx-film-edge-barcode.jpg|thumb|left|DX film edge barcode; data track decodes to [[DX number]] 47-1 ([[Agfa-Gevaert|Agfa]] [[Agfa Perutz|Perutz Primera 200]]), frame 22A]]
Below the sprockets under each frame of 135 film is the DX film edge barcode. The barcode is invisible until the film has been developed. It is optically imprinted as a latent image during manufacturing. The barcode is used by photo finishers to identify each frame for printing. It consists of two parallel linear barcodes, one for a synchronizing clock called the "clock track", and the other encoding film data such as type, manufacturer and frame number, called the "data track".<ref name=":0" />  The barcode nearest the film edge (away from the sprocket holes) contains the data track.  The data track sequence repeats every half frame, beginning with six start bits, followed by seven bits of DX Number Part 1, one unassigned bit, four bits of DX Number Part 2, a seven-bit frame/half-frame number, one unassigned bit, one parity bit, and finishes with four stop bits.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gschwind|first1=Rudolf|last2=Zbinden|first2=Erwin|last3=Trumpy|first3=Giorgio|last4=Delaney|first4=John|date=2017|title=Color negatives at the demise of silver halides|url=https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-142330|journal=ICOM-CC 18th Triennial Conference Preprints, Copenhagen, 4–8 September 2017|volume=|pages=188–191|doi=10.5167/uzh-142330 |via=[[University of Zurich]]}}</ref>  The seven-bit frame/half-frame number is called the "DXN" number (different than the [[DX number|"DX Number Part 1" and "DX Number Part 2"]]), and is an extension on the original DX edge code, patented by Eastman Kodak in 1990.<ref name=":0">{{cite patent|country=US|number=4965628|title=Photographic film with latent image multi-field bar code and eye-readable symbols|status=patent|pubdate=1990-10-23|gdate=1990-10-23|inventor1-last=Olliver|inventor2-last=Johnson|inventor3-last=Patton|inventor1-first=Richard|inventor2-first=Cortlandt|inventor3-first=David |assign=Eastman Kodak Company}}</ref><ref>{{cite patent|country=EP|number=0838718B1|title=Method of printing frame numbers from DX-coded photographic film not having frame number codes|status=|pubdate=|gdate=|invent1=|inventor1-first=}}</ref>

Some image processing software utilized by [[Film scanner|film scanners]] allow selection of film manufacturer and type to provide automatic color correction.  Interpreting the DX film edge barcode may provide this information, permitting accurate color correction to be applied.

===DX Camera Auto Sensing===
[[File:Codage DX.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|DX CAS code positions; this film is rated at ISO 400/27°, has a 24-exposure length, and an exposure tolerance of ±1 stops.
<ul>
<li>1: Ground</li>
<li>2–6: Film speed</li>
<li>7: Ground</li>
<li>8–10: Film length</li>
<li>11–12: Exposure latitude</li>
</ul>]]
The outside of film cartridges are marked with a DX Camera Auto Sensing (CAS) code readable by many cameras. Cameras can then automatically determine the [[film speed]], number of exposures and exposure tolerance. 

With 135 film cartridges, the DX Camera Auto Sensing code uses a 2×6 grid of rectangular contact areas on the side of the metal cartridge surface; these areas are either conductive (bare metal) or non-conductive (painted). The left-most area of both rows (with the spool post on the left) are common (ground) and are thus always bare metal. Electrical contacts in the camera read the bit pattern. Diagramatically (with spool post to the left):

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| bgcolor="#7fff7f" | G
| bgcolor="#ff7f7f" | S1
| bgcolor="#ff7f7f" | S2
| bgcolor="#ff7f7f" | S3
| bgcolor="#ff7f7f" | S4
| bgcolor="#ff7f7f" | S5
|-
| bgcolor="#7fff7f" | G
| bgcolor="#ffff7f" | L1
| bgcolor="#ffff7f" | L2
| bgcolor="#ffff7f" | L3
| bgcolor="#7fffff" | T1
| bgcolor="#7fffff" | T2
|}

In this scheme:
* "G" are the two common-ground contacts
* "Sx" are the film speed contacts
* "Lx" are the film length contacts
* "Tx" are the exposure tolerance contacts

Most cameras read the film speed only, which is in the first row. Some cameras aimed at the consumer market only read enough bits in the first row to distinguish the most common film speeds. For example, 100, 200, 400, and 800 can be distinguished by reading only S1, S2, and ground.

====Film speed====
The five bits after the ground contact in the top row can be encoded to a maximum of 32 different film speeds, but only the 24 speeds from ISO 25/15° to 5000/38°, inclusive, spaced in intervals of {{frac|3}} step, are used.

The film speed codes are in binary order if the first three bits (S1, S2, S3) are considered to identify a trio of film speeds and the last two bits (S4 and S5) are considered an adjustment of +0, +{{frac|3}}, or +{{frac|2|3}} stops within that trio. For example, ISO speed 25/15° is encoded as 00010, while 32/16° is 00001 and 40/17° is 00011. These share a common encoding of 000xx for the first three bits, differing only in the last two bits, so 000xx designates the trio of speeds (25-32-40). Similarly, the next group of three speeds are encoded 10010 (50/18°), 10001 (64/19°), and 10011 (80/20°); it is clear from examination these all (ISO 50-64-80) share the same 100xx encoding for the first three bits. By comparison to the preceding set of three speeds, the encoding for 25/15° (00010) and 50/18° (10010) have the same xxx10 encoding for the last two bits; likewise, 32/16° (00001) and 64/19° (10001) share the xxx01 encoding, which indicates +{{frac|3}} stop compared to the xxx10 encoding, and 40/17° (00011) and 80/20° (10011) share the xxx11 encoding, which indicates +{{frac|2|3}} stop compared to the xxx10 encoding.

====Film length====
In the second row, the first three bits represent eight possible film lengths, although in practice only 12, 20, 24 and 36 exposures are encoded.

====Exposure tolerance====
The remaining two bits of the second row give four ranges of exposure tolerance, or latitude.

The complete encoding scheme is illustrated in the truth table below using letters and color.
* "G" is ground.
* "T" means the contact is connected to ground.
* "F" means the contact is disconnected from ground.

<div>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"
|+Standard film speed encoding
! rowspan=2 | [[Film speed]]<br/>(ISO)
! colspan=6 | 1st row DX contacts
| style="font-size:15%;background:#448;" rowspan=10 | &nbsp;
! rowspan=2 | [[Film speed]]<br/>(ISO)
! colspan=6 | 1st row DX contacts
| style="font-size:15%;background:#448;" rowspan=10 | &nbsp;
! rowspan=2 | [[Film speed]]<br/>(ISO)
! colspan=6 | 1st row DX contacts
|-
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#f77;" | S1 || style="background:#f77;" | S2 || style="background:#f77;" | S3
| style="background:#f77;" | S4 || style="background:#f77;" | S5
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#f77;" | S1 || style="background:#f77;" | S2 || style="background:#f77;" | S3
| style="background:#f77;" | S4 || style="background:#f77;" | S5
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#f77;" | S1 || style="background:#f77;" | S2 || style="background:#f77;" | S3
| style="background:#f77;" | S4 || style="background:#f77;" | S5
|-
! 25/15°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F

! 32/16°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

! 40/17°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

|-
! 50/18°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F

! 64/19°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T  || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

! 80/20°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

|-
! 100/21°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F

! 125/22°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

! 160/23°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

|-
! 200/24°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F

! 250/25°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

! 320/26°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

|-
! 400/27°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F

! 500/28°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

! 640/29°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

|-
! 800/30°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F

! 1000/31°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

! 1250/32°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

|-
! 1600/33°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F

! 2000/34°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

! 2500/35°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

|-
! 3200/36°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F

! 4000/37°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#000;color:#fff;" | F || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T

! 5000/38°
| style="background:#7f7;" | G
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
| style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T || style="background:#fff;color:#000;" | T
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"
|+Custom film speed encoding
! rowspan=2 | ISO speed
! colspan=6 | 1st row DX contacts
|-
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ff7f7f;" | S1
| style="background-color:#ff7f7f;" | S2
| style="background-color:#ff7f7f;" | S3
| style="background-color:#ff7f7f;" | S4
| style="background-color:#ff7f7f;" | S5
|-
! ''custom 1''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! ''custom 2''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! ''custom 3''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! ''custom 4''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! ''custom 5''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! ''custom 6''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! ''custom 7''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! ''custom 8''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"
|+'''Film length'''
! rowspan=2 | Exposures
! colspan=6 | 2nd row DX contacts
|-
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffff7f;" | L1
| style="background-color:#ffff7f;" | L2
| style="background-color:#ffff7f;" | L3
| style="background-color:#7fffff;" | T1
| style="background-color:#7fffff;" | T2
|-
! ''other''
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
! 12
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
! 20
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
! 24
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
! 36
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
! 48
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
! 60
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
! 72
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
|}
</div>
<div style=display:inline-grid>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"
|+'''Exposure tolerance'''
|-
! rowspan=2 | Exposure tolerance<br/>(in [[f-stop]]s)
! colspan=6 | 2nd row DX contacts
|-
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#ffff7f;" | L1
| style="background-color:#ffff7f;" | L2
| style="background-color:#ffff7f;" | L3
| style="background-color:#7fffff;" | T1
| style="background-color:#7fffff;" | T2
|-
! ±½
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! ±1
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
|-
! +2 −1
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff;" | F
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
|-
! +3 −1
| style="background-color:#7fff7f;" | G
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#7f7f7f;" | &nbsp;&nbsp;
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
| style="background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000;" | T
|}<ref name="Paul_2005_DX-CAS"/>
</div>
{{Clear}}