Editing Daniel Pipes (section)

==Career==
===Work in academia===
Pipes returned to Harvard in 1973 and, after further studies abroad (in [[Freiburg im Breisgau|Freiburg-im-Breisgau]] and [[Cairo]]), obtained a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in medieval Islamic history<ref name=Press/> in 1978. His doctoral dissertation eventually became his first book, ''Slave Soldiers and Islam'', in 1981. He switched his academic interest from medieval Islamic studies to modern Islam in the late 1970s, with the rise of [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] and the [[Iranian revolution]].<ref name=Press/>

He taught world history at the [[University of Chicago]] from 1978 to 1982, history at Harvard from 1983 to 1984, and policy and strategy at the [[Naval War College]] from 1984 to 1986. In 1982–83, Pipes served on the policy-planning staff at the State Department in 1982–83.<ref>Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite, Kaplan, Robert D., p. 287, Simon and Schuster, 1995</ref>

=== Post-academia ===
Pipes largely left academia after 1986, although he taught a course titled "International Relations: Islam and Politics" as a visiting professor at [[Pepperdine University]]'s [[Pepperdine School of Public Policy|School of Public Policy]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pepperdine.edu/pr/releases/2006/december/danielpipes.htm|title=School of Public Policy Announces 2007 Distinguished Visiting Professor: Daniel Pipes|publisher=[[Pepperdine University]]|access-date=May 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208195838/http://www.pepperdine.edu/pr/releases/2006/december/danielpipes.htm|archive-date=2007-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pipes told an interviewer from ''[[Harvard Magazine]]'' that he has "the simple politics of a truck driver, not the complex ones of an academic. My viewpoint is not congenial with institutions of higher learning."<ref name=Tassel/>

From 1986 on, Pipes worked for think tanks. From 1986 to 1993, he was director of the [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]-based [[Foreign Policy Research Institute]] (FPRI) and editor of its journal, ''[[Orbis (journal)|Orbis]]''. In 1990, he organized the [[Middle East Forum]] as a unit of FPRI; it became an independent organization with himself as head in January 1994. Pipes edited its journal, the ''[[Middle East Quarterly]]'', until 2001. He established [[Campus Watch]] as a project of the Middle East Forum in 2002, followed by the Legal Project in 2005, Islamist Watch in 2006, and the Washington Project in 2009.

In 2003, President [[George W. Bush]] nominated Pipes for the board of the [[United States Institute of Peace]]. A [[filibuster]] was launched by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Senators in the [[United States Senate]] against Pipes' nomination.<ref name=LATedit>{{cite news|title=A Misdirected Attack: Editorial|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-17-ed-pipes17-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=August 17, 2003|access-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref> Senator [[Tom Harkin]] said that he was "offended" by Pipes' comments on Islam, and that while "some people call [Pipes] a scholar... this is not the kind of person you want on the [[United States Institute of Peace|USIP]]."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimorechronicle.com/jul03_pipes-stalled.html|title=Daniel Pipes nomination stalled in committee|work=[[Baltimore Chronicle]]|date=July 23, 2003|access-date=May 13, 2008}}</ref> While defending Pipes' nomination, White House spokesman [[Ari Fleischer]] distanced Bush from Pipes's views, saying that Bush "disagrees with Pipes about whether Islam is a peaceful religion".<ref name=Stevenson/> Pipes obtained the position by [[recess appointment]]<ref name=Tassel/> and served on the board until early 2005. His nomination was protested by [[Muslim]] groups in the U.S., and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] leaders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.husainhaqqani.com/2003/07/|title=Where's the Muslim Debate?|last=Haqqani|first=Husain|date=July 2003}}</ref><ref name=lockman>Lockman, Zachary. ''Contending visions of the Middle East''. 2004, page 257</ref><ref>Hagopian, Elaine Catherine. ''Civil rights in peril''. 2004, page 113</ref> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "in trying to prevent Middle East scholar Daniel Pipes from joining the board of the U.S. Institute of Peace, Sens. Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.), Christopher J. Dodd (D-Conn.) and Tom Harkin (D-Iowa) are abusing their privilege."<ref name="LATedit" />