Editing David (section)

===Family===
[[File:Osmar Schindler David und Goliath.jpg|thumb|right|''David und Goliath'' (1888), color lithograph by German artist [[Osmar Schindler]].]]
[[File:Sweet stories of God; in the language of childhood and the beautiful delineations of sacred art (1899) (14751566596).jpg|thumb|David raises the head of Goliath, [[Gustave Doré]]'s illustration (1866), colorized and published in [[Josephine Pollard]]'s ''Sweet stories of God'' (1899).]]

The [[1 Samuel|First Book of Samuel]] and the [[First Book of Chronicles]] both identify David as the son of [[Jesse (biblical figure)|Jesse]], the [[Bethlehem]]ite, the youngest of eight sons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://christiananswers.net/q-aiia/jessesons.html|title=Jesse's Sons – How many sons did Jesse, King David's father, have? |website=christiananswers.net|access-date=2019-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043448/https://christiananswers.net/q-aiia/jessesons.html|archive-date=2019-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also had at least two sisters: [[Zeruiah]], whose sons all went on to serve in David's army, and [[Abigail (mother of Amasa)|Abigail]], whose son [[Amasa]] served in [[Absalom|Absalom's]] army, Absalom being one of David's younger sons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biblehub.com/1_chronicles/2-16.htm|title=1 Chronicles 2:16 Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. And the three sons of Zeruiah were Abishai, Joab, and Asahel.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2019-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043447/https://biblehub.com/1_chronicles/2-16.htm|archive-date=2019-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> While the [[Bible]] does not name his mother, the [[Talmud]] identifies her as [[Nitzevet]], a daughter of a man named Adael, and the [[Book of Ruth]] claims him as the great-grandson of [[Ruth the Moabite|Ruth]], the [[Moabites|Moabite]], by [[Boaz]].<ref>Babylonian Talmud, Tractate ''Bava Batra'' 91a</ref>

David is described as cementing his relations with various political and national groups through [[Marriage of state|marriage]].{{sfn|Lemaire|1999|p={{page needed|date=November 2021}}}} According to 1 Samuel 17:25, King Saul said that he would make whoever killed Goliath a very wealthy man, give his daughter to him and declare his father's family exempt from taxes in Israel. Saul offered David his oldest daughter, [[Merab]], a marriage David respectfully declined.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=piVNAwAAQBAJ&dq=David+++Merab&pg=PA110|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724141421/https://books.google.com/books?id=piVNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=David+%2B+Merab&source=bl&ots=bdg8Hea6MV&sig=ACfU3U3X4JeBf0nxIFHH-B84r2Xv6zOByg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjL0M3WnNPqAhWHgXIEHTd3Aos4ChDoATAEegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=David%20%20%20Merab&f=false|url-status=dead|title=David and His Theologian: Literary, Social, and Theological Investigations of the Early Monarchy|first=Walter|last=Brueggemann|year=2011|archivedate=24 July 2020|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn = 9781610975346|via=Google Books}}</ref> Saul then gave Merab in marriage to Adriel the Meholathite.<ref>{{cite web|title=1 Samuel 18:19|url=http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/18-19.htm|access-date=2018-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508042658/http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/18-19.htm|archive-date=2014-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref> Having been told that his younger daughter [[Michal]] was in love with David, Saul gave her in marriage to David upon David's payment in [[Philistine]] foreskins<ref>{{cite web|title=1 Samuel 18:18-27|url=http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/18-27.htm|access-date=2018-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508043105/http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/18-27.htm|archive-date=2014-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref> (ancient Jewish historian [[Josephus]] lists the dowry as 100 Philistine heads).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flavious Josephus |editor1-last=Whiston |editor1-first=William |title=Antiquities of the Jews |date=1998 |publisher=Thomas Nelson |chapter=6.10.2}}</ref> Saul became jealous of David and tried to have him killed. David escaped. Then Saul sent Michal to Galim to marry [[Palti, son of Laish]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1 Samuel 25:14|url=http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/25-14.htm|access-date=2018-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420003858/http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/25-14.htm|archive-date=2015-04-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> David then took wives in [[Hebron]], according to [[2 Samuel]] 3; they were [[Ahinoam]] the Yizre'elite; [[Abigail]], the widow of Nabal the Carmelite; [[Maacah]], the daughter of Talmay, king of [[Geshur]]; [[Haggith]]; [[Abital]]; and [[Eglah]]. Later, David wanted Michal back and [[Abner]], Ish-bosheth's army commander, delivered her to him, causing Palti great grief.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/2_samuel/3-14.htm|title=2 Samuel 3:14|access-date=2018-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817093338/https://biblehub.com/2_samuel/3-14.htm|archive-date=2018-08-17|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Book of Chronicles]] lists his sons with his various wives and [[concubine]]s. In [[Hebron]], David had six sons: [[Amnon]], by [[Ahinoam]]; [[Daniel (son of David)|Daniel]], by [[Abigail]]; [[Absalom]], by [[Maachah]]; [[Adonijah]], by [[Haggith]]; [[Shephatiah]], by [[Abital]]; and [[Ithream]], by [[Eglah]].<ref>{{Bibleverse|1 Chronicles|3:1–3|NIV}}</ref> By Bathsheba, his sons were [[Shammua]], Shobab, [[Nathan (son of David)|Nathan]], and [[Solomon]]. David's sons born in Jerusalem of his other wives included [[Ibhar]], Elishua, [[Eliphelet]], Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama and Eliada.<ref>{{Bibleverse|2 Samuel|5:14–16|NIV}}</ref> [[Jerimoth]], who is not mentioned in any of the genealogies, is mentioned as another of his sons in 2 Chronicles 11:18. His daughter [[Tamar (2 Samuel)|Tamar]], by Maachah, is raped by her half-brother Amnon. David fails to bring Amnon to justice for his violation of Tamar, because he is his firstborn and he loves him, and so Absalom (her full brother) kills Amnon to avenge Tamar.<ref>According to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Greek version of 2 Samuel 13:21, "... he did not punish his son Amnon, because he loved him, for he was his firstborn."  {{cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+13&version=NLT#fen-NLT-8315d|title=2 Samuel 13 NLT|website=Bible Gateway|access-date=2019-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043508/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+13&version=NLT#fen-NLT-8315d|archive-date=2019-09-23|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the great sins they had committed, David showed grief at his sons' deaths, weeping twice for Amnon (2 Samuel 13:31–26) and seven times for Absalom.<ref>Soṭah, 10b</ref>