Editing David Hare (playwright) (section)

== Career ==
=== Early work ===
Hare worked with the [[Portable Theatre Company]] from 1968 to 1971. His first play, ''[[Slag (play)|Slag]]'', was produced in 1970, the same year in which he married his first wife, Margaret Matheson; the couple had three children and divorced in 1980. He was Resident Dramatist at the [[Royal Court Theatre]], London, from 1970 to 1971, and in 1973 became resident dramatist at the [[Nottingham Playhouse]]. He co-founded the [[Joint Stock Theatre Company]] with [[David Aukin]] and [[Max Stafford-Clark]] in 1975. Hare's play ''[[Plenty (play)|Plenty]]'' was produced at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] in 1978. 
Aside from films, he has also written teleplays such as, for the BBC,  ''[[Licking Hitler]]'' (1978), and, for Thames Television, ''[[Saigon: Year of the Cat]]'' (1983).<ref name=Encyclopedia.com>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/english-literature-20th-cent-present-biographies/david-hare "Hare, David 1947-"], ''[[Encyclopedia.com]].</ref>

=== 1980s ===
Hare founded a film company called Greenpoint Films in 1982, and among screenplays he has written are ''Plenty'', ''Wetherby'', ''Strapless'', and ''Paris by Night''. In 1983, his play ''A Map of the World'' was produced at the [[Royal National Theatre]]. The production starred [[Bill Nighy]], [[Diana Quick]], and [[Ronald Hines]]. The play is set at the [[UNESCO|Unesco conference]] on poverty held in [[Bombay]] in 1978. It transferred to [[The Public Theatre]] in 1985, starring [[Alfre Woodard]], [[Elizabeth McGovern]], and [[Zeljko Ivanek]]. In a mixed review, ''[[The New York Times]]'' theatre critic [[Frank Rich]] wrote: "The play is in part about conflicting points of view – about how reactionaries and leftists look at geopolitics, how journalists and novelists look at events and how the West and the Third World look at each other."<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/02/theater/theater-a-map-of-the-world-by-david-hare.html|title= THEATER: 'A MAP OF THE WORLD,' BY DAVID HARE|website= [[The New York Times]]|date= 2 October 1985|access-date= July 2, 2022|last1= Rich|first1= Frank}}</ref>

In 1985, Hare wrote ''[[Pravda (play)|Pravda]]'' with [[Howard Brenton]], its title referring to the [[History of communism in the Soviet Union|Russian Communist]] party newspaper ''[[Pravda]]''. The play, a satire on the mid-1980s newspaper industry, in particular the Australian media and press baron [[Rupert Murdoch]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dramaonlinelibrary.com/plays/pravda-iid-132577|title=Pravda - Drama Online|website=www.dramaonlinelibrary.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2013/45/the-national-theatre-at-50-pravda|title=BBC - The National Theatre At 50: Pravda |website= Media Centre|publisher=BBC}}</ref> stars [[Anthony Hopkins]] in a role that earned him the [[Laurence Olivier Award]]. Hare became the associate director of the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] in 1984, and has since seen many of his plays produced, including his trilogy about major British institutions: ''[[Racing Demon (play)|Racing Demon]]'', ''[[Murmuring Judges]]'', and ''[[The Absence of War]]''. He has also directed many other plays aside from his own works, notable examples being ''The Pleasure Principle'' by [[Snoo Wilson]], ''[[Weapons of Happiness]]'' by Howard Brenton, and ''[[King Lear]]'' by [[William Shakespeare]] for the National Theatre. Hare is also the author of a collection of lectures on the arts and politics called ''Obedience, Struggle, and Revolt'' (2005).<ref>[http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth253 "David Hare"], ''Contemporary Writers'', [[British Council]]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001174915/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth253 |date=1 October 2007 }}.</ref>

=== 1990s ===
In 1990, Hare wrote ''[[Racing Demon (play)|Racing Demon]]''; part of a trio of plays about British institutions, it focuses on the [[Church of England]], and tackles issues such as [[Homosexuality and Christianity|gay ordination]], and the role of [[evangelism]] in inner-city communities. The play debuted at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] and received the [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play]]. The play transferred to the [[Broadway (theatre)|Broadway]] stage at the [[Vivian Beaumont Theatre]] in 1995. The production starred [[Paul Giamatti]], [[Denis O'Hare]], and [[Kathleen Chalfant]]. The play was nominated for the [[Tony Award for Best Play]].

In 1995, Hare's translation of ''[[Mother Courage and Her Children]]'' by [[Bertolt Brecht]] was produced in London.<ref name=Encyclopedia.com /> In 1996, Hare wrote ''[[Skylight (play)|Skylight]]'', a play about a woman who receives an unexpected visit from her former lover whose wife has recently died. [[Michael Gambon]] and [[Lia Williams]] starred in the original production, which received the [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play]]. The following year, the production transferred to the Broadway stage, where it was nominated for the [[Tony Award for Best Play]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tony Award Nominations |url=https://www.tonyawards.com/nominees/year/1997/category/play/show/any/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.tonyawards.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1998, Hare wrote ''[[Amy's View]]'', a play that deals with an emotional relationship between a mother and her daughter. The original production at the [[Royal National Theatre]] starred [[Judi Dench]], [[Samantha Bond]], and [[Ronald Pickup]]. Dench starred in the Broadway transfer, earning the [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play]] in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners |url=https://www.tonyawards.com/winners/year/1999/category/any/show/any/?q=Judi%20Dench |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.tonyawards.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== 2000s ===
In 2001, Hare wrote ''[[My Zinc Bed (play)|My Zinc Bed]]'', which premiered at the [[Royal Court Theatre]] starring [[Tom Wilkinson]], [[Julia Ormond]], and [[Steven Mackintosh]]. The play was adapted into a [[My Zinc Bed (film)|television film of the same name]] in 2008. The play received the [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play]] nomination, Hare's eighth Olivier Award nomination. The following year Hare wrote the screenplay for ''[[The Hours (film)|The Hours]]'' (2002) adapted from the [[Michael Cunningham]] [[The Hours (novel)|book of the same name]]. The film starred an ensemble cast that included [[Meryl Streep]], [[Julianne Moore]], and [[Nicole Kidman]] as women from three different time periods struggling against adversity. Hare received the [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay]] nomination as well as [[BAFTA Award]], [[Golden Globe Award]] nominations.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

In 2008, he adapted [[Bernhard Schlink]]'s [[The Reader|1995 novel]] into [[Stephen Daldry]]'s film ''[[The Reader (2008 film)|The Reader]]'' starring [[Kate Winslet]] and [[Ralph Fiennes]]. The film focuses on a romance in the 1950s between a teenaged boy and an older woman who is later discovered to have been a [[Nazi]] guard and is on trial for committing [[war crimes]] during the [[Holocaust]]. The film was well reviewed and earned Hare his second [[Academy Award]] nomination. He also received BAFTA and Golden Globe Award nominations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.studiobabelsberg.com/en/corporate/press-news/details/news/der-vorleser-fuer-vier-golden-globes-nominiert-deutschlandpremiere-auf-der-berlinale-2009/|title="The Reader" Nominated for Four Golden Globes – German Premiere at Berlinale 2009|website=Studio Babelsberg|date=12 December 2008|access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2009/film/adapted-screenplay|title= Adapted Screenplay in 2009 {{!}} Nominees|website=BAFTA|date=2009}}</ref>

=== 2010s ===
Hare's 2011 play ''[[South Downs (play)|South Downs]]'', based on his based on his own experiences of being schooled at Lancing College, was well received at the [[Chichester Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/features/the-unhappiest-time-of-his-life-david-hare-on-dramatising-his-school-days-7660994.html|title=The unhappiest time of his life: David Hare on dramatising his school days|first=Michael|last=Coveney|author-link=Michael Coveney|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=20 April 2012}}</ref> and was adapted as a ''[[Saturday Drama]]'' on [[BBC Radio 4]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01m9dyp|title=Saturday Drama {{!}} South Downs|website=BBC Radio 4|date=2012|access-date=18 January 2024}}</ref>

In December 2011, it was announced that his monologue ''[[Wall (play)|Wall]]'' about the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] was being adapted by [[Cam Christiansen]] as a live-action/animated documentary by the [[National Film Board of Canada]];<ref name=Vlessing>{{cite news|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|title=National Film Board of Canada to Animate Israel's West Bank Barrier For Theatrical Doc|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/national-film-board-canada-animate-273705|access-date=14 December 2011|newspaper=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=14 December 2011}}</ref> originally slated for completed in 2014, ''[[Wall (2017 film)|Wall]]'' premiered at the [[Calgary International Film Festival]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|first=Eric |last=Volmers|url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/movies/cam-christiansen-david-hare-and-the-nfb-break-down-barriers-with-animated-essay-wall |title=Cam Christiansen, David Hare and the NFB break down barriers with animated 'essay' Wall|newspaper=[[Calgary Herald]]|date=September 15, 2017}}</ref> In November 2012, [[The New School for Drama]] selected Hare as temporary [[Artist-in-residence]], during which he interacted with student playwrights about his experience in varying mediums.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.newschool.edu/pressroom/pressreleases/2012/DavidHare.htm|title=The New School for Drama Names Sir David Hare Artist-In-Residence |publisher=The New School  |access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref> His career is examined in the Reputations strand on ''TheatreVoice''.<ref>Assessments (2008) by [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]], Richard Boon, Richard Eyre, Charles Spencer and Dominic Cavendish; [http://www.theatrevoice.com/a7-assets/uploads/audio/harecutONE.mp3]</ref> He is particularly well known for incisive commentary on the problems of public institutions. [[Raymond Williams]] once said, sardonically, that the public services are largely managed by the nation's "upper servants". Hare addresses this group, providing an analysis of the workings of the institutions: he is, he has said, interested in the struggle to make procedures work better – right now – not in waiting until some revolution, somehow, sometime, comes about to raze the current system altogether, to replace it with perfection.<ref>C. Sullivan, "The Present: Hare and Shrinking Government Provision", in ''Literature in the Public Service: Sublime Bureaucracy'' (2013), ch. 4.</ref>

In 2016, ''[[Daily Variety]]'' reported that the [[Jonathan Franzen]] novel ''[[Purity (novel)|Purity]]'' was in the process of being adapted into a 20-hour limited series by [[Todd Field]] who would share writing duties with Franzen and Hare. It would star [[Daniel Craig]] as Andreas Wolf and be executive produced by Field, Franzen, Craig, Hare & [[Scott Rudin]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Elizabeth|last=Wagmeister|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/purity-showtime-daniel-craig-scott-rudin-1201753115|title=Showtime Lands Daniel Craig, Scott Rudin Limited Series 'Purity'|work=Daily Variety|year=2016|access-date=December 15, 2017|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201100525/http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/purity-showtime-daniel-craig-scott-rudin-1201753115/|url-status=live}}</ref>

However, in a February 2018 interview with ''[[The Times]]'' London, Hare said that, given the budget for Field's adaptation (170 million), he doubted it would ever be made, but added "It was one of the richest and most interesting six weeks of my life, sitting in a room with Todd Field, Jonathan Franzen and Daniel Craig bashing out the story. They're extremely interesting people."<ref>{{cite news|first=Dominic|last=Maxwell|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/david-hare-i-am-sick-to-death-of-hearing-about-the-need-for-strong-women-as-protagonists-83scsqlsv|title=David Hare: 'I am sick to death of hearing about the need for strong women as protagonists'|work=[[The Times]]|year=2018|access-date=February 13, 2018|archive-date=February 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195612/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/david-hare-i-am-sick-to-death-of-hearing-about-the-need-for-strong-women-as-protagonists-83scsqlsv|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, Hare wrote the screenplay for ''[[Denial (2016 film)|Denial]]'' based on [[Deborah Lipstadt]]'s ''History on Trial: My Day in Court with a Holocaust Denier''. The film starred [[Tom Wilkinson]], [[Rachel Weisz]], and [[Timothy Spall]]. The film dramatises the ''[[Irving v Penguin Books Ltd]]'' case, in which Lipstadt, a [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]] scholar, was sued by [[Holocaust denier]] [[David Irving]] for [[libel]]. The film premiered at the [[Toronto International Film Festival]] to positive reviews. It later received the [[BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film]] nomination.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

=== 2020s ===
In 2020, Hare contracted [[COVID-19]], an experience reflected in his monologue ''[[Beat the Devil (play)|Beat the Devil]]'', with [[Ralph Fiennes]] in the starring role.<ref>{{cite news|first=Arifa|last=Akbar|title=Beat the Devil review – righteous rage of David Hare's corona nightmare|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/aug/30/beat-the-devil-review-bridge-theatre-london-david-hare-ralph-fiennes|work=[[The Observer]]|location=London|date=2020-08-30|access-date=2020-09-08}}</ref>

In 2022, Hare wrote, ''[[Straight Line Crazy]]''. The play is set in the 1920s through the 1960s in [[New York City]] and centres on the life of [[Robert Moses]], portrayed by Fiennes.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/article/ralph-fiennes-leads-world-premiere-of-straight-line-crazy-opening-march-23-at-londons-the-bridge|title= Ralph Fiennes Leads World Premiere of ''Straight Line Crazy'', Opening March 23 at London's The Bridge|website= Playbill|first=Andrew|last=Gans|date=23 March 2022|access-date= April 15, 2022|archive-date= 13 April 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220413135949/https://playbill.com/article/ralph-fiennes-leads-world-premiere-of-straight-line-crazy-opening-march-23-at-londons-the-bridge|url-status= live}}</ref> Fiennes stars as Moses, once a powerful man in New York and the "master builder" of infrastructure from new parks, bridges and expressways. During his working life, he served on the [[New York State Council of Parks]] and was the [[New York Secretary of State]]. The play premiered at the [[Bridge Theatre]] in London in March 2022. The play transferred to the New York stage with Fiennes at [[The Shed (arts center)|The Shed]] in October 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.theshed.org/program/250-straight-line-crazy|title= Straight Line Crazy|website= The Shed|accessdate= March 5, 2024}}</ref>

A new play titled ''Grace Pervades'' and starring Ralph Fiennes is set to premiere in summer 2025 at [[Theatre Royal, Bath]]. The play explores the lives of the thespians [[Henry Irving]], [[Ellen Terry]], [[Edith Craig]] and [[Edward Gordon Craig]] (Terry's two children with [[Edward William Godwin]]).<ref>[https://www.westendtheatre.com/227975/news/ralph-fiennes-theatre-royal-bath-season-announced-for-2025-including-new-david-hare-play-grace-pervades-as-you-like-it "Ralph Fiennes / Theatre Royal Bath season announced for 2025 including new David Hare play ''Grace Pervades'' & ''As You Like It'' starring Gloria Obianyo & Harriet Walter"], West End Theatre, 26 March 2024</ref>