Editing Dermatitis (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
[[Image:Human hand with dermatitis.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Dermatitis of the hand]]
There are several types of dermatitis including [[atopic dermatitis]], [[contact dermatitis]], [[stasis dermatitis]] and [[seborrhoeic dermatitis]].<ref name="NIH2013" /> Dermatitis symptoms vary with all different forms of the condition. Although every type of dermatitis has different symptoms, there are certain signs that are common for all of them, including redness of the skin, [[edema|swelling]], [[itch]]ing and skin lesions with sometimes oozing and scarring. Also, the area of the skin on which the symptoms appear tends to be different with every type of dermatitis, whether on the [[neck]], [[wrist]], [[forearm]], [[thigh]] or [[ankle]].

Although the location may vary, the primary symptom of this condition is itchy skin. More rarely, it may appear on the [[genital area]], such as the [[vulva]] or [[scrotum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-simplex|title=Neurodermatitis (lichen simplex)|publisher=DermNet New Zealand Trust|date=2017|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202062055/http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-simplex|archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/neurodermatitis/ds00712/dsection=symptoms |title=Neurodermatitis|publisher=Mayo Clinic|date=2015|access-date=6 November 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616075418/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/neurodermatitis/DS00712/DSECTION%3Dsymptoms| archive-date=16 June 2010}}</ref> Symptoms of this type of dermatitis may be very intense and may come and go. Irritant contact dermatitis is usually more [[pain]]ful than itchy.

Although the symptoms of atopic dermatitis vary from person to person, the most common symptoms are dry, itchy, red skin, on light skin. However, this redness does not appear on darker skin and dermatitis can appear darker brown or purple in color.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hewett |first=Lauren |date=2 September 2022 |title=Eczema in skin of color: What you need to know |url=https://nationaleczema.org/blog/eczema-in-skin-of-color/ |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=National Eczema Association |language=en-US}}</ref> Typical affected skin areas include the folds of the arms, the back of the [[knee]]s, wrists, [[face]] and [[hand]]s. [[Perioral dermatitis]] refers to a red bumpy rash around the mouth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/periorificial-dermatitis/|title=Periorificial dermatitis|publisher=DermNet New Zealand Trust| date=2017|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202062219/http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/periorificial-dermatitis/|archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]] symptoms include itching, stinging and a burning sensation. [[Papule]]s and [[Vesicle (dermatology)|vesicles]] are commonly present.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/dermatitis-herpetiformis|title=Dermatitis herpetiformis|publisher=DermNet New Zealand Trust|date=2017|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063117/http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/dermatitis-herpetiformis|archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> The small red bumps experienced in this type of dermatitis are usually about 1 cm in size, red in color and may be found symmetrically grouped or distributed on the upper or lower back, [[buttocks]], [[elbow]]s, knees, neck, [[shoulder]]s and [[scalp]].

The symptoms of [[seborrhoeic dermatitis]], on the other hand, tend to appear gradually, from dry or greasy scaling of the scalp ([[dandruff]]) to scaling of facial areas, sometimes with itching, but without [[hair loss]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/seborrhoeic-dermatitis|title=Seborrheic dermatitis|publisher=DermNet New Zealand Trust|date=2017|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202062244/http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/seborrhoeic-dermatitis|archive-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> In [[newborns]], the condition causes a thick and yellowish scalp rash, often accompanied by a [[Irritant diaper dermatitis|diaper rash]]. In severe cases, symptoms may appear along the hairline, behind the ears, on the [[eyebrow]]s, on the bridge of the [[Human nose|nose]], around the nose, on the [[chest]], and on the upper back.<ref name="merckmanuals">{{cite web|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/seborrheic-dermatitis|publisher=Merck Manual, Consumer Version|title=Seborrheic Dermatitis}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:Eczema.png|Dermatitis
File:Eczema-arms.jpg|More severe dermatitis
File:Eczema.jpg|A patch of dermatitis that has been scratched
File:PLJohnson Complex Eczema.jpg|Complex dermatitis
</gallery>

===Complications===
People with eczema should not receive the [[Smallpox vaccine|smallpox vaccination]] due to risk of developing [[eczema vaccinatum]], a potentially severe and sometimes fatal complication.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/contraindications-clinic.asp |title=CDC Smallpox &#124; Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine Contraindications (Info for Clinicians) |publisher=Emergency.cdc.gov |date=7 February 2007 |access-date=7 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125041841/http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/vaccination/contraindications-clinic.asp |archive-date=25 January 2010  }}</ref> Other major health risks for people with dermatitis are viral and bacterial infections because atopic dermatitis patients have deficiencies in their proteins and [[lipid]]s that have barrier functions along with defects in [[dendritic cell]]s and as a result are unable to keep foreign invaders out, leading to recurring infections.<ref name="Wang et al 2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang V, Boguniewicz J, Boguniewicz M, Ong PY | title = The infectious complications of atopic dermatitis | journal = Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–12 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 32771354 | pmc = 7411503 | doi = 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.002 }}</ref> If left untreated, these infections may be life-threatening, so skin barrier improvement (such as daily moisturizing to minimize [[transepidermal water loss]]) and anti-inflammatory therapy are recommended as preventative measures.<ref name="Wang et al 2021"/>