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Design research
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==Early work== Early work was mainly within the domains of architectural design<ref>Broadbent, G. and A. Ward, (eds) (1969) ''Design Methods in Architecture.'' London, Lund Humphries</ref> and [[industrial design]].<ref> Archer, L. B. (1965) ''Systematic Method for Designers.'' London, The Design Council</ref> Research in [[Engineering design process|engineering design]] developed strongly in the 1980s, for example, through ICED—the series of International Conferences on Engineering Design, now run by The Design Society.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.designsociety.org|title=The Design Society - a worldwide community|first=The Design|last=Society|website=The Design Society - a worldwide community}}</ref> These developments were especially strong in Germany<ref>Pahl, G. and W. Beitz (1984), ''Engineering Design.'' London, The Design Council</ref><ref>Hubka, V. and W. E. Eder (1987), A Scientific Approach to Engineering Design, ''Design Studies'' 8(3):123-137</ref> and Japan.<ref>Hongo, K. and N. Nakajima (1991), Relevant Features of the Decade 1981-1991 for Theories of Design in Japan, ''Design Studies'' 12(4):209-214</ref> In the USA there were also some important developments in design theory and methodology,<ref> Moore, G. T., (ed.) (1970), ''Emerging Methods in Environmental Design and Planning.'' Cambridge, MA, MIT Press</ref> including the publications of the Design Methods Group and the series of conferences of the [[Environmental Design Research Association]]. The [[National Science Foundation]] initiative on design theory and methods led to substantial growth in engineering design research in the late-1980s. A particularly significant development was the emergence of the first journals of design research: ''Design Studies'' in 1979, ''Design Issues'' in 1984, and ''Research in Engineering Design'' in 1989.
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