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Deterrence theory
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=== World War II === During [[World War II]], some historians have argued that deterrence prevented the Western Allies and Axis from extensive [[chemical warfare]], as had been used in [[World War I]]. Nonetheless, Nazi Germany used chemical weapons during the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)|Siege of Sevastopol]], [[Siege of Odessa]], and [[Battle of the Kerch Peninsula]], while Imperial Japan frequently used chemical weapons against Chinese troops.{{Citeneed|date=May 2025}} Conversely, during the [[Nuremberg trials]], [[Hermann Göring]] stated that initiating an exchange of chemical weapons during the [[Operation Overlord]] would have immobilized the [[Wehrmacht]], which widely relied on [[Horses in World War II|horse-drawn transport]], and a suitable gas mask for horses had not been designed.<ref name="d191">{{cite web |last=Farley |first=Robert |last2=Robertson |first2=Lori |date=2017-04-12 |title=Hitler and Chemical Weapons |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2017/04/hitler-chemical-weapons/ |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=FactCheck.org}}</ref>
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