Editing Dharamshala (section)

==History==
===Early history===
References to Dharamshala and its surrounding areas are found in ancient [[Hindu scripture]]s such as [[Rig Veda]] and [[Mahabharata]].<ref name="HP">{{Cite web|url=https://hpkangra.nic.in/history/|title=History of Kangra|access-date=22 October 2023|publisher=Government of Himachal Pradesh}}</ref> There are mentions of the region by [[Pāṇini]] in 4th century BC and by [[China|Chinese]] traveller [[Heun Tsang]] during the reign of king [[Harshavardhana]] in 7th century AD.<ref>{{cite book|title=Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history|first=Omacanda|last=Hāṇḍā|year=2001|page=43|publisher=Indus Publishing Company|isbn=81-85182-03-5}}</ref> The indigenous people of the Dharamshala area (and the surrounding region) are the [[Gaddis]], a predominantly [[Hindu]] group who traditionally lived a nomadic or semi-nomadic [[transhumance|transhumant]] lifestyle.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Wzkj0Wad8pumyLNu5nkfGK/A-journey-with-Gaddi-pastoralists.html |title=A journey with Gaddi Pastoralists|date=6 October 2016|newspaper=Live Mint|access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>

The region was subject to attacks from Mughal rulers [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in 1009 and [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] in 1360. In 1566, [[Akbar]] captured the region and brought it under the Mughal rule. As the Mughal rule disintegrated, [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]] chieftain [[Jai Singh Kanheya|Jai Singh]] brought the region to his control and gave it to [[Sansar Chand]] of the Katoch dynasty, legitimate [[Rajput]] prince in 1785. [[Gurkhas]] invaded and captured the region in 1806 before being defeated by [[Ranjit Singh]] in 1809. The Katoch dynasty was reduced to the status of [[jagirdar]]s under the treaty of Jawalamukhi signed between Chand and Singh in 1810. Post the death of Chand, Ranjit Singh annexed the region into the Sikh empire.<ref name="HP"/>

===British occupation===
The [[East India Company]] captured the region following the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] of 1846. Under the [[British Raj]], the regions were part of [[Punjab Province (British India)|the undivided British Indian province of the Punjab]], and were ruled by the [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|governors of Punjab]] from [[Lahore]].<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> In 1860, the 66th [[Gurkha]] [[Light Infantry]] was moved from [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] to Dharamshala, which was at first made a subsidiary [[cantonment]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcllo.com|title=Mcledoganj Information|publisher=mcllo.com|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> The Battalion was later renamed [[1st Gurkha Rifles]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Parker |first=John |title=The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers |publisher=Headline Book Publishing |location=London |date=2005|isbn=978-0-7553-1415-7|page=45}}</ref> Dharamshala became a popular [[hill station]] in the British Raj era.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> The [[1905 Kangra earthquake]] devastated the Kangra Valley, destroying the cantonment, much of the infrastructure of the region, and killing nearly 20,000 people: 1,625 at Dharmasala, including 15 foreigners and 112 of the Gurkha garrison.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/> Many of the Gurkhas were part of the [[Indian National Army]] founded by [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] taking part in the [[Indian Independence movement]].

===Post independence===
[[File:20170821 133842000 iOS.jpg|thumb|200px|The architecture in Dharamsala has a Buddhist influence]]
Post [[Independence of India|Indian Independence]] in 1947, it remained as a small hill station. On 29 April 1959, the 14th [[Dalai Lama]] [[Tenzin Gyatso]] established the Tibetan administration-in-exile in [[Mussoorie]] when [[Dalai Lama's escape from China|he had to flee Tibet]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/when-dalai-lamas-date-with-india-began-in-mussoorie-in-one-april.html |title=When Dalai lama's date with India began in Mussoorie in one April |first=Jaskiran |last=Chopra |newspaper=[[The Pioneer (India)]]|date=7 April 2016 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> In May 1960, the [[Central Tibetan Administration]] was moved to Dharamshala when [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], then [[Prime Minister of India]] allowed him and his followers to settle in [[McLeod Ganj]] north of Dharamshala.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1959 |url=https://time.com/3742242/dalai-lama-1959/|title=How and Why the Dalai Lama Left Tibet|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Tears of Blood: A Cry for Tibet|last=Craig|first=Mary|publisher=Counterpoint|date=1999|isbn=978-1-5824-3025-6|location=Washington, D.C.|page=142|oclc=41431635}}</ref> There they established the "[[Government of Tibet in exile|government-in-exile]]" in 1960 and the [[Namgyal Monastery]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-usa-tibet-idUSKBN18617F |title=U.S. lawmakers not backing down on human rights for Tibet, Pelosi says |first=Douglas |last=Busvine |work=[[Reuters]]|date=10 May 2017|access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> In 1970, the Dalai Lama opened the [[Library of Tibetan Works and Archives]] which is one of the most important institutions for [[Tibetology]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tibetanlibrary.org/contact/|title=Library of Tibetan Works and Archives|publisher=Tibetan Library|access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>

Several thousand [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] exiles have now settled in the area where monasteries, temples, and schools have come up. It has become an important tourist destination with many hotels and restaurants, leading to growth in tourism and commerce.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://petzenia.com/blog/best-bird-watching-spots-india/ |title=Some of the Best Bird Watching Spots in India |date=4 December 2016 |work=Petzenia Blog |access-date=10 October 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010212346/https://petzenia.com/blog/best-bird-watching-spots-india/|url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2017, Dharamshala was made the winter capital of Himachal Pradesh with the legislative assembly located at [[Sidhbari]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dharamsala-declared-second-capital-of-himachal-pradesh-1650683 |title=Dharamsala Declared Second Capital of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[NDTV India]]|date=19 January 2017|access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref>