Editing Dimethyltryptamine (section)

===Routes of administration===
====Inhalation====
[[File:N,N-DMT Freebase and Vape cartridge.jpg|thumb|[[Free base]] DMT extracted from ''[[Mimosa hostilis]]'' root bark (left); vape cartridge made with freebase DMT extract (right)]]

A standard dose for vaporized DMT is 20–60&nbsp;milligrams, depending highly on the efficiency of vaporization as well as body weight and personal variation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/dmt_dose.shtml|title=DMT Dosage|website=[[Erowid]]|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=25 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185707/https://erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/dmt_dose.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TiHKAL" />{{medical citation needed | date = June 2023}} In general, this is inhaled in a few successive breaths, but lower doses can be used if the user can inhale it in fewer breaths (ideally one). The effects last for a short period of time, usually 5 to 15 minutes, dependent on the dose. The onset after inhalation is very fast (less than 45 seconds) and peak effects are reached within a minute. In the 1960s, DMT was known as a "businessman's trip" in the US because of the relatively short duration (and rapid onset) of action when inhaled.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Haroz R, Greenberg MI | title = Emerging drugs of abuse | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 89 | issue = 6 | pages = 1259–1276 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16227062 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2005.06.008 | quote = Use of DMT was first encountered in the United States in the 1960s, when it was known as a 'businessman's trip' because of the rapid onset of action when smoked (2 to 5 minutes) and short duration of action (20 minutes to 1 hour). | oclc = 610327022 }}</ref> DMT can be inhaled using a [[bong]], typically when sandwiched between layers of plant matter, using a specially designed pipe, or by using an [[e-cigarette]] once it has been dissolved in propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin.<ref>{{Cite web|vauthors=Power M|date=5 June 2020|title=I Sell DMT Vape Pens So People Can 'Break Through' at Their Own Speed|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/i-sell-dmt-vape-pens-so-people-can-break-through-at-their-own-speed/|access-date=12 July 2020|website=Vice.com|language=en|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712192852/https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/akzgbz/i-sell-dmt-vape-pens-so-people-can-break-through-at-their-own-speed|url-status=live}}</ref> Some users have also started using vaporizers meant for cannabis extracts ("wax pens") for ease of temperature control when vaporizing crystals. A DMT-infused smoking blend is called [[Changa (drug)|Changa]], and is typically used in pipes or other utensils meant for smoking dried plant matter.{{cn|date=June 2023}}

====Intravenous injection====
In a study conducted from 1990 through 1995, [[University of New Mexico]] psychiatrist [[Rick Strassman]] found that some volunteers injected with high doses of DMT reported experiences with perceived [[Extraterrestrial life in culture|alien]] entities. Usually, the reported entities were experienced as the inhabitants of a perceived independent reality that the subjects reported visiting while under the influence of DMT.<ref name="strassman" />

In 2023, a study investigated a novel method of DMT administration involving a bolus injection paired with a constant-rate infusion, with the goal of extending the DMT experience.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luan LX, Eckernäs E, Ashton M, Rosas FE, Uthaug MV, Bartha A, Jagger S, Gascon-Perai K, Gomes L, Nutt DJ, Erritzøe D, Carhart-Harris RL, Timmermann C | title = Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT | journal = Journal of Psychopharmacology | volume = 38 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–67 | date = January 2024 | pmid = 37897244 | pmc = 10851633 | doi = 10.1177/02698811231196877 }}</ref>

The dose range of DMT via bolus intravenous injection is 4 to 30{{nbsp}}mg.<ref name="TiHKAL" /> By constant infusion, the dose is 0.6 to 1.8{{nbsp}}mg per minute.<ref name="LiechtiHolze2022">{{cite book | vauthors = Liechti ME, Holze F | title = Disruptive Psychopharmacology | chapter = Dosing Psychedelics and MDMA | series = Curr Top Behav Neurosci | volume = 56 | pages = 3–21 | date = 2022 | pmid = 34734392 | doi = 10.1007/7854_2021_270 | isbn = 978-3-031-12183-8 | chapter-url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355943062}}</ref><ref name="HolzeSinghLiechti2024">{{cite journal | vauthors = Holze F, Singh N, Liechti ME, D'Souza DC | title = Serotonergic Psychedelics: A Comparative Review of Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Binding Profile | journal = Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 472–489 | date = May 2024 | pmid = 38301886 | doi = 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.007 | url = | doi-access = free }}</ref>

====Intramuscular or subcutaneous injection====
Threshold activity occurs at a dose of 30{{nbsp}}mg [[intramuscular injection|intramuscularly]] and full effects occur at a dose of 50 to 100{{nbsp}}mg by this route.<ref name="Shulgin1976" /><ref name="TiHKAL" /> The dose for full effects with [[subcutaneous injection]] is likewise 60 to 100{{nbsp}}mg.<ref name="Shulgin1976" />

====Oral====
{{See also|Ayahuasca|Pharmahuasca}}
[[File:Aya-preparation.jpg|thumb|Ayahuasca preparation]]

DMT is broken down by the enzyme [[monoamine oxidase]] through a process called [[deamination]], and is quickly inactivated orally unless combined with a [[monoamine oxidase inhibitor]] (MAOI).<ref name="McKennaTowers1984"/> The traditional South American beverage [[ayahuasca]] is derived by boiling ''[[Banisteriopsis caapi]]'' with leaves of one or more plants containing DMT, such as ''[[Psychotria viridis]]'', ''[[Psychotria carthagenensis]]'', or ''[[Diplopterys cabrerana]]''.<ref name="McKennaTowers1984"/> The ''Banisteriopsis caapi'' contains [[harmala alkaloids]],<ref name="pmid9924842">{{cite journal | vauthors = Callaway JC, Grob CS | title = Ayahuasca preparations and serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a potential combination for severe adverse interactions | journal = Journal of Psychoactive Drugs | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 367–269 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9924842 | doi = 10.1080/02791072.1998.10399712 | url = http://www.mimosahostilis.com/files/Ayahuasca%20and%20SSRI%20Interactions.pdf | access-date = 10 April 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120201144245/http://www.mimosahostilis.com/files/Ayahuasca%20and%20SSRI%20Interactions.pdf | archive-date = 1 February 2012 }}</ref> a highly active reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A ([[Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A|RIMA]]s),<ref name="BergströmWesterberg1997">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bergström M, Westerberg G, Långström B | title = <sup>11</sup>C-harmine as a tracer for monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A): in vitro and in vivo studies | journal = Nuclear Medicine and Biology | volume = 24 | issue = 4 | pages = 287–293 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9257326 | doi = 10.1016/S0969-8051(97)00013-9 }}</ref> rendering the DMT orally active by protecting it from [[deamination]].<ref name="McKennaTowers1984"/> A variety of different recipes are used to make the brew depending on the purpose of the ayahuasca session,<ref name="Andritzky1989">{{cite journal | vauthors = Andritzky W | title = Sociopsychotherapeutic functions of ayahuasca healing in Amazonia | journal = Journal of Psychoactive Drugs | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 77–89 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2656954 | doi = 10.1080/02791072.1989.10472145 | url = http://www.lila.info/document_view.phtml?document_id=8 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080226052014/http://www.lila.info/document_view.phtml?document_id=8 | archive-date = 26 February 2008 }}</ref> or local availability of ingredients. Two common sources of DMT in the western US are [[reed canary grass]] (''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]'') and [[Harding grass]] (''[[Phalaris aquatica]]''). These invasive grasses contain low levels of DMT and other alkaloids but also contain [[gramine]], which is toxic and difficult to separate. In addition, [[Mimosa tenuiflora|Jurema]] (''[[Mimosa tenuiflora]]'') shows evidence of DMT content: the pink layer in the inner rootbark of this small tree contains a high concentration of ''N'',''N''-DMT.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}

Taken orally with an [[Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A|RIMA]], DMT produces a long-lasting (over three hours), slow, deep metaphysical experience similar to that of [[psilocybin mushrooms]], but more intense.<ref name=Peru>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirasalak.com/Peru.html |title=Hell and back |vauthors=Salak K |publisher=National Geographic Adventure |access-date=2008-10-31 |archive-date=2019-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911140217/http://www.kirasalak.com/Peru.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The intensity of orally administered DMT depends on the type and dose of MAOI administered alongside it. When ingested with 120&nbsp;mg of [[harmine]] (a [[Reversible inhibition of monoamine oxidase|RIMA]] and member of the [[Harmala alkaloid|harmala alkaloids]]), 20&nbsp;mg of DMT was reported to have psychoactive effects by author and [[Ethnobotany|ethnobotanist]] [[Jonathan Ott]]. Ott reported that to produce a visionary state, the threshold oral dose was 30&nbsp;mg DMT alongside 120&nbsp;mg [[harmine]].<ref name="ott1998" /> This is not necessarily indicative of a standard dose, as dose-dependent effects may vary due to individual variations in drug metabolism.

Without an MAOI, DMT is inactive orally at doses over 1,000{{nbsp}}mg.<ref name="Shulgin1976" /><ref name="TiHKAL" />