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===von Mises circular distribution=== {{main|von Mises distribution}} The ''von Mises distribution'' is a circular distribution which, like any other circular distribution, may be thought of as a wrapping of a certain linear probability distribution around the circle. The underlying linear probability distribution for the von Mises distribution is mathematically intractable; however, for statistical purposes, there is no need to deal with the underlying linear distribution. The usefulness of the von Mises distribution is twofold: it is the most mathematically tractable of all circular distributions, allowing simpler statistical analysis, and it is a close approximation to the [[wrapped normal]] distribution, which, analogously to the linear normal distribution, is important because it is the limiting case for the sum of a large number of small angular deviations. In fact, the von Mises distribution is often known as the "circular normal" distribution because of its ease of use and its close relationship to the wrapped normal distribution.{{sfn|Fisher|1993}} The pdf of the von Mises distribution is: <math display="block">f(\theta;\mu,\kappa) = \frac{e^{\kappa\cos(\theta-\mu)}}{2\pi I_0(\kappa)}</math> where <math>I_0</math> is the modified [[Bessel function]] of order 0. <!-- * A fundamental wrapped distribution is the [[Dirac comb]] of period <math>2\pi\,</math> which is a wrapped delta function: <math>\Delta_{2\pi}(\theta)=\sum_{k=-\infty}^{\infty}{\delta(\theta+2\pi k)}</math> -->
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