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Doctrine of lapse
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=== Doctrine of lapse before Dalhousie === Dalhousie vigorously applied the lapse doctrine for annexing Indian princely states, but the policy was not solely his invention.<ref name=Sen>{{cite book | editor= S. N. Sen | title= History of Modern India | year= 2006 | publisher= New Age International (P) Ltd | isbn= 978-8122-41774-6 | pages= 50 }}</ref> The princely state of [[Kittur]], ruled by [[Kittur Chennamma]] (the queen at the time), was taken over by the East India Company in 1824, when after the death of her husband and son she adopted a new son and attempted to make him heir to the throne, which the British refused to accept. This development has similarities with the later 'doctrine of lapse', which the [[List of East India Company directors|Court of Directors]] of the East India Company articulated early in 1834.<ref name=Sen/> As per this policy, the Company annexed [[Mandvi]] in 1839, [[Colaba State|Colaba]] and [[Jalaun State|Jalaun]] in 1840, and [[Surat]] in 1842.
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