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==Classification versus indexing== Sometimes a distinction is made between assigning documents to classes ("classification") versus assigning [[Subject (documents)|subjects]] to documents ("[[subject indexing]]") but as [[Frederick Wilfrid Lancaster]] has argued, this distinction is not fruitful. "These terminological distinctions,” he writes, “are quite meaningless and only serve to cause confusion” (Lancaster, 2003, p. 21<ref>Lancaster, F. W. (2003). Indexing and abstracting in theory and practice. Library Association, London.</ref>). The view that this distinction is purely superficial is also supported by the fact that a classification system may be transformed into a [[thesaurus]] and vice versa (cf., Aitchison, 1986,<ref>Aitchison, J. (1986). "A classification as a source for thesaurus: The Bibliographic Classification of H. E. Bliss as a source of thesaurus terms and structure." Journal of Documentation, Vol. 42 No. 3, pp. 160-181.</ref> 2004;<ref>Aitchison, J. (2004). "Thesauri from BC2: Problems and possibilities revealed in an experimental thesaurus derived from the Bliss Music schedule." Bliss Classification Bulletin, Vol. 46, pp. 20-26.</ref> Broughton, 2008;<ref>Broughton, V. (2008). "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10516-007-9027-7 A faceted classification as the basis of a faceted terminology: Conversion of a classified structure to thesaurus format in the Bliss Bibliographic Classification] (2nd Ed.).]" Axiomathes, Vol. 18 No.2, pp. 193-210.</ref> Riesthuis & Bliedung, 1991<ref>Riesthuis, G. J. A., & Bliedung, St. (1991). "Thesaurification of the UDC." Tools for knowledge organization and the human interface, Vol. 2, pp. 109-117. Index Verlag, Frankfurt.</ref>). Therefore, the act of labeling a document (say by assigning a term from a [[controlled vocabulary]] to a document) is at the same time to assign that document to the class of documents indexed by that term (all documents indexed or classified as X belong to the same class of documents). In other words, labeling a document is the same as assigning it to the class of documents indexed under that label.
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