Editing Domain Name System (section)

==History==
Using a simpler, more memorable name in place of a host's numerical address dates back to the [[ARPANET]] era. The Stanford Research Institute (now [[SRI International]]) maintained a text file named [[hosts (file)|HOSTS.TXT]] that mapped host names to the numerical addresses of computers on the ARPANET.{{Ref RFC|3467}}<ref>{{cite book
|title = DNS and BIND
|edition = 5th
|page = 3
|year = 2006
|first1 =Cricket |last1=Liu |first2=Paul |last2=Albitz
|publisher = O'Reilly Media
|isbn = 978-0-596-10057-5
}}</ref> [[Elizabeth J. Feinler|Elizabeth Feinler]] developed and maintained the first ARPANET directory.{{Sfn|Evans|2018|p=112}}{{Sfn|Evans|2018|p=113}} Maintenance of numerical addresses, called the Assigned Numbers List, was handled by [[Jon Postel]] at the [[University of Southern California]]'s [[Information Sciences Institute]] (ISI), whose team worked closely with SRI.<ref>IEEE Annals [3B2-9] man2011030074.3d 29/7/011 11:54 Page 74</ref>

Addresses were assigned manually. Computers, including their hostnames and addresses, were added to the primary file by contacting the SRI [[InterNIC|Network Information Center]] (NIC), directed by Feinler, via [[telephone]] during business hours.<ref name="internethalloffame.org">{{cite web|url=http://internethalloffame.org/blog/2012/07/23/why-does-net-still-work-christmas-paul-mockapetris|title=Why Does the Net Still Work on Christmas? Paul Mockapetris - Internet Hall of Fame|website=internethalloffame.org|date=23 July 2012 }}</ref> Later, Feinler set up a [[WHOIS]] directory on a server in the NIC for retrieval of information about resources, contacts, and entities.{{Sfn|Evans|2018|p=119}} She and her team developed the concept of domains.{{Sfn|Evans|2018|p=119}} Feinler suggested that domains should be based on the location of the physical address of the computer.{{Sfn|Evans|2018|p=120}} Computers at educational institutions would have the domain ''[[.edu|edu]]'', for example.{{Sfn|Evans|2018|p=120–121}} She and her team managed the Host Naming Registry from 1972 to 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.internethalloffame.org/inductees/elizabeth-feinler|title=Elizabeth Feinler|website=Internet Hall of Fame|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914182353/https://www.internethalloffame.org/inductees/elizabeth-feinler|archive-date=14 September 2018|access-date=2018-11-25}}</ref>

By the early 1980s, maintaining a single, centralized host table had become slow and unwieldy and the emerging network required an automated naming system to address technical and personnel issues. Postel directed the task of forging a compromise between five competing proposals of solutions to [[Paul Mockapetris]]. Mockapetris instead created the Domain Name System in 1983 while at the [[University of Southern California]].<ref name="internethalloffame.org"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internethalloffame.org/inductees/paul-mockapetris|title=Paul Mockapetris {{!}} Internet Hall of Fame|website=internethalloffame.org|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref>

The [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] published the original specifications in RFC 882 and RFC 883 in November 1983.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internetsociety.org/blog/2013/11/happy-30th-birthday-dns |title=Happy 30th Birthday, DNS! |author1=Andrei Robachevsky |date=26 November 2013 |publisher=[[Internet Society]] |access-date=18 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>Elizabeth Feinler, IEEE Annals, 3B2-9 man2011030074.3d 29/7/011 11:54 Page 74</ref> These were updated in RFC 973 in January 1986.{{Ref RFC|973}}

In 1984, four [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] students, Douglas Terry, Mark Painter, David Riggle, and Songnian Zhou, wrote the first [[Unix]] [[name server]] implementation for the Berkeley Internet Name Domain, commonly referred to as [[BIND]].<ref name="Terry USENIX 2004">{{cite conference
|author=Terry, Douglas B.
|url=http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1984/5957.html
|title=The Berkeley Internet Name Domain Server
|book-title=Summer Conference, Salt Lake City 1984: Proceedings
|conference=USENIX Association Software Tools Users Group
|date=June 12–15, 1984
|pages=23–31|display-authors=etal}}</ref> In 1985, Kevin Dunlap of [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] substantially revised the DNS implementation. [[Michael J. Karels|Mike Karels]], Phil Almquist, and [[Paul Vixie]] then took over BIND maintenance. [[Internet Systems Consortium]] was founded in 1994 by [[Rick Adams (Internet pioneer)|Rick Adams]], [[Paul Vixie]], and [[Carl Malamud]], expressly to provide a home for BIND development and maintenance. BIND versions from 4.9.3 onward were developed and maintained by ISC, with support provided by ISC's sponsors. As co-architects/programmers, Bob Halley and Paul Vixie released the first production-ready version of BIND version 8 in May 1997. Since 2000, over 43 different core developers have worked on BIND.<ref name="BIND Home Page">{{cite web |author=Internet Systems Consortium |title=The History of BIND |url=https://www.isc.org/bindhistory/ |url-status=live |access-date=4 April 2022 |at=History of BIND|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630142752/https://www.isc.org/bindhistory/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 }}</ref>

In November 1987, RFC 1034{{Ref RFC|1034}} and RFC 1035{{Ref RFC|1035}} superseded the 1983 DNS specifications. Several additional [[Request for Comments]] have proposed extensions to the core DNS protocols.{{Ref RFC|7719}}