Editing Dominique Dawes (section)

==Gymnastics career==

===Junior career===
Dawes was competing as a junior elite by the age of 10. She placed 17th in the all-around junior division at her first U.S. National Championships in 1988. In 1989, at the age of 12, she was sent to [[Australia]] to compete in her first international meet, the Konica Grand Prix. By the early 1990s, Dawes was achieving success both nationally and internationally. She placed 3rd in the all-around in the junior division at the 1990 U.S. National Championships.<ref name=usagbio>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070205215631/http://www.usa-gymnastics.org/athletes/bios/d/ddawes.html Official Bio at USA Gymnastics]</ref>

At the 1992 USA vs. Japan dual meet, the 15-year-old Dawes received a standing ovation, after an energetic floor routine in which she revived the back-to-back tumbling revolutionized by Soviet star [[Oksana Omelianchik]]. The judges were equally impressed, and gave her a perfect 10. Though she was not part of the 1991 World Championship team, Dawes continued to move up on the national and international scene throughout 1991 and 1992.<ref name=usagbio />

===1992–1995===
She placed 4th at the 1992 Olympic trials and was awarded a place on the United States Olympic team.<ref name=usagbio /> Despite battling very painful tendinitis in both ankles and [[Osgood-Schlatter disease]] during pre-Olympic training,<ref name=lgipb>{{cite book |last=Ryan |first=Joan |title=Little Girls in Pretty Boxes |publisher=Doubleday |location=Garden City |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-385-47790-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/littlegirlsinpre00ryan}}</ref> Dawes performed respectably throughout the competition, even having the boldness to try a brand-new move in her [[balance beam]] routine during team competition - [[Handspring (gymnastics)|back handspring]] to three layout stepouts. She also won over the crowd with a solid optional [[floor exercise]] routine and, with a mark of 9.925, tied with [[Kim Zmeskal]] for the highest score for the American team on the event.<ref>[http://www.gymn-forum.net/Results/Olympics/1992_Barcelona/1992_women_team_1-3.html Scores by gymnast for the 1992 Olympics team competition] Gymn-Forum</ref> The team won bronze, and Dawes and teammate [[Betty Okino]] became the first African American females to win an Olympic medal in gymnastics.

Dawes only competed in the team competition in 1992, not breaking through as an all-around gymnast until 1993. She is probably best known for her performances at the 1993 and 1994 World Championships. In 1993, Dawes led the competition after three events, even beating her more famous teammate [[Shannon Miller]]. However, she decided to try her harder vault (1½ twisting layout Yurchenko) worth a 10.00 instead of simply a full-twisting layout [[Yurchenko (vault)|Yurchenko]], which had been devalued to a 9.8. She made the first vault, but slipped and fell on the second, immediately bursting into tears. With the new rule that both vaults were averaged in all-around competition, her fall dropped her to 4th overall while Miller won the title.<ref name=nyt1 /><ref>{{cite news |title=Dominique Dawes wins 2 silver medals during World Gymnastic events |magazine=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]] |date=May 17, 1993 |page=49 |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DLsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49}}</ref> Famously, after the vault fall Dawes's coach Kelli Hill exhorted her to be proud of her performance anyway, stating: "When did you ever think you would be in that position? You have to be happy with yourself. Come on. Be happy. Stand up and wave". Dawes did so and earned a standing ovation from the crowd.<ref>Eurosport coverage of the 1993 World Championships</ref> After this disappointment she rebounded in the event finals, winning two silver medals on bars and beam.<ref name=usagbio />

The same fate befell her in at the [[1994 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1994 Worlds]]. Leading after three events, she again came to vault with a chance of winning the title. This time her mistake came on the first vault where Dawes over-rotated and hurled forward into a somersault. Her low score dropped her to 5th. Her mistakes continued throughout the event finals and left the championships without winning a single medal.

Dawes would finish her year on a positive note, however. She dominated the [[USA Gymnastics National Championships|National Championships]] placing first in the all-around and all four event finals at the expense of rival Shannon Miller. It was the first year since 1969 that a gymnast had swept the competition.<ref name=ebony>{{cite news |title=3 for the future |work=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]] |date=May 1995 |pages=80–84 |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JnOSQ7xrcA8C&pg=PA80}}</ref><ref name=sweeps>{{cite news |title=Dominique Dawes sweeps each event at National Gymnastics Championships |work=Jet |date=September 12, 1994 |page=52 |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7sEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52}}</ref> She went on to lead the American team to a silver medal at the [[1994 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships (Team)|World Team Championships]] in [[Dortmund]], [[Germany]] posting the third highest all-around score in the process.

===1996===
Dawes struggled through a difficult 1995 riddled by wrist and ankle injuries. She finished fourth at nationals and was forced to sit out the World Championships that year. At the [[1996 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1996 World Championships]], Dawes missed out on a medal on the uneven bars but tied Liu Xuan for a bronze medal on the balance beam.<ref name=nyt1>[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/28/sports/atlanta-day-9-gymnastics-team-gold-for-dawes-was-only-part-of-plan.html "Team Gold for Dawes Was Only Part of Plan"] Christopher Clarey, ''The New York Times,'' July 28, 1996</ref><ref name=nyt2>[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/21/sports/olympics-competitors-keeping-olympic-test-in-mind.html "Competitors Keeping Olympic Test in Mind"] Christopher Clarey, ''The New York Times,'' April 21, 1996</ref> At the 1996 U.S. National Championships Dawes swept all four event finals for the second time in her career making her the first gymnast ever to accomplish this feat twice. Dawes also finished first at the Olympic trials, earning a berth on the 1996 Olympic team at the age of 19.<ref name=usagbio /> Dawes planned to attend [[Stanford University]] in fall 1995 but could not receive an athletic scholarship as she turned pro to train for the 1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Olympics.

===1996 Olympic Games===
The team, later nicknamed [[Magnificent Seven (gymnastics)|Magnificent Seven]], dominated the team competition. A key member of the team, Dawes performed without serious error and was the only team member to have all eight of her scores count towards the total. Along with [[Shannon Miller]], [[Jaycie Phelps]], [[Dominique Moceanu]], [[Amanda Borden]], [[Amy Chow]] and [[Kerri Strug]], Dawes claimed her gold medal as part of the first American team to take the Olympic title.

Later in the week, however, Dawes lost yet another opportunity to win a major all-around title. Going into the competition, she was considered one of the heavy favorites to medal. She was ranked sixth overall among all competitors after the team event, and her scores from team optionals were the highest on the American team and the second highest overall.<ref>[http://www.gymn-forum.net/Results/Olympics/1996_Atlanta/1996_women_team_USA_RUS_ROM.html Scores by gymnast for the team optionals at the 1996 Olympics] Gymn-Forum</ref><ref>[http://www.gymn-forum.net/Results/Olympics/1996_Atlanta/1996_women_aa_qualifiers.html Women's all-around qualifiers] Gymn-Forum</ref> Dawes led the competition after two rotations, with Shannon Miller right behind her. Both gymnasts were on Floor Exercise for the 3rd rotation.  Miller had a substantial mistake in her routine, knocking her out of the medals.  On the middle tumbling pass of Dawes's floor routine, she under-rotated for fear that she might step out of bounds; she sat down the tumbling pass (and went out of bounds anyway) causing her position to plummet in the standings. NBC cameras zoomed in on Dawes, sitting in tears as her score from floor exercise was announced (it was an even 9.000), which led to numerous boos from the audience. She managed to pull out a decent Vault score, but finished 17th overall. In the Event Finals, she placed sixth on Vault and just out of the medals on Uneven Bars, but redeemed herself by winning Bronze in Floor Exercise finals, her first World Championship or Olympic medal in what had long been considered her best event.<ref name=nyt1 /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19971109035234/http://www.usa-gymnastics.org/events/1996/olympics/event2.html Event finals notes] USA Gymnastics, 1996</ref>

===2000 Olympics===
Between 1996 and 1998 Dawes competed in various professional meets but retreated from elite competition. She returned briefly in 1998 to participate in the [[Goodwill Games]] where she placed 19th in the Mixed Pairs event with Chainey Umphrey. However, she placed 9th all-around at 2000 U.S. Nationals and 7th at the Olympic Trials, and earned a spot on her third Olympic team.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/21/sports/olympics-the-road-to-sydney-miller-out-but-dawes-and-chow-make-team.html?pagewanted=2 "Miller Out, But Dawes And Chow Make Team"] Selena Roberts, ''The New York Times,'' August 21, 2000</ref>

In team preliminaries at the Sydney Olympics, Dawes posted the second highest score of the American team on [[uneven bars]] but the lowest on beam.<ref>[http://www.gymn-forum.net/Results/Olympics/2000_Sydney/2000_women_quali_teams_1-6.html Scores by gymnast for team prelims at the 2000 Olympics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129023643/http://www.gymn-forum.net/results/Olympics/2000_Sydney/2000_women_quali_teams_1-6.html |date=2009-11-29 }} Gymn-Forum</ref> In the team finals, she performed well on three events, contributing their highest beam score and 3rd highest bars score (a very high 9.7), and contributed to the team's bronze medal awarded April 28, 2010 when the International Olympic Committee stripped China of its 2000 team medal for an underage competitor.<ref>[https://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/news;_ylt=Agndo_KdcueIKW6k_R2Rfys5nYcB?slug=txgymunderagegymnast IOC strips 2000 Games bronze medal from China] Yahoo! Sports News, April 28, 2010 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007014629/http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/news |date=October 7, 2011 }}</ref>