Editing Dormancy (section)

=== Hibernation ===
{{main|Hibernation}}

Hibernation is a mechanism used by many mammals to reduce energy expenditure and survive food shortages over the winter. Hibernation may be predictive or consequential. An animal prepares for hibernation by building up a thick layer of [[body fat]] during late summer and autumn that will provide it with energy during the dormant period. During hibernation, the animal undergoes many [[Physiology|physiological]] changes, including decreased [[heart rate]] (by as much as 95%) and decreased [[body temperature]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.colby.edu/academics_cs/courses/BI312/upload/Hibernation.pdf|title=Molecular and metabolic Aspects of Mammalian Hibernation|last=Bert B. Boyer|first=Brian M. Barnes|date=1999|website=www.colby.edu|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125154524/https://www.colby.edu/academics_cs/courses/BI312/upload/Hibernation.pdf|archive-date=2020-01-25}}</ref> In addition to shivering, some hibernating animals also produce body heat by non-shivering thermogenesis to avoid freezing. Non-shivering thermogenesis is a regulated process in which the proton gradient generated by electron transport in mitochondria is used to produce heat instead of ATP in brown adipose tissue.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kozak|first1=Leslie P|last2=Young|first2=Martin E|title=Heat from calcium cycling melts fat|journal=Nature Medicine|volume=18|issue=10|pages=1458–1459|doi=10.1038/nm.2956|pmid=23042344|year=2012|s2cid=5177743}}</ref> Animals that hibernate include [[bat (animal)|bats]], [[ground squirrel]]s and other rodents, mouse lemurs, the [[European hedgehog]] and other insectivores, monotremes and marsupials. Although hibernation is almost exclusively seen in mammals, some birds, such as the [[common poorwill]], may hibernate.