Editing Dual Contracts (section)

===Crowding===
Before the Contracts, there was crowding in many of the forms of transportation in the city. The following is a list of annual ridership for each mode of transportation between June 30, 1910, and June 30, 1911:

*Interborough Rapid Transit Company–subways, elevated roads — 578,154,088
*[[Hudson and Manhattan Railroad]] — 52,756,434
*Brooklyn Union Elevated Railroad System — 167,371,328
*East River ferries — 23,460,000
*Municipal ferry to Staten Island — 10,540,000
*Hudson River ferries — 91,776,200

In total, 924,058,050 passengers were carried that year over these six modes of transport.<ref name="nycsubway dual">{{cite web| website=nycsubway.org| url=http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/The_Dual_System_of_Rapid_Transit_(1912)| title=The Dual System of Rapid Transit (1912)}}</ref>

''The New York Times'' noted that streetcar ridership had increased more than 25 times over between 1860, where there were 50.83 million annual riders, and 1910, where there were 1.531 billion annual riders.<ref name="NYTimes-618Miles-1913"/>