Editing Dwarf elephant (section)

===Italy and Malta===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Island !! Taxon !! Author
|-
| [[Sardinia]] || ''[[Mammuthus lamarmorai]]'' || ({{Smallcaps|Major}}, 1883)
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: lightblue" | [[Malta]] || ''[[Palaeoloxodon falconeri]]'' || ({{Smallcaps|Busk}}, 1869)
|-
| ''[[Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis]]'' || ({{Smallcaps|Adams}}, 1874)
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: lightblue" | [[Sicily]] || ''[[Palaeoloxodon falconeri]]'' || ({{Smallcaps|Busk}}, 1869)
|-
| ''[[Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis|Palaeoloxodon cf. mnaidriensis]]'' || ({{Smallcaps|Adams}}, 1874)
|}{{legend|lightblue|connected during [[Last Glacial Maximum|LGM]]<ref name="Palombo2020">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1080/08912963.2020.1772251| title = Was the dwarfed ''Palaeoloxodon'' from Favignana Island the last endemic Pleistocene elephant from the western Mediterranean islands?| journal = Historical Biology| pages = 1–19 | year = 2020| last1 = Palombo | first1 = M. R.| last2 = Antonioli | first2 = F.| last3 = Di Patti | first3 = C.| last4 = Presti | first4 = V. L.| last5 = Scarborough | first5 = M. E.| volume = 33| issue = 10| s2cid = 225710152}}</ref>}}
Sicily and Malta were inhabited by two successive waves of dwarf elephants derived from ''P. antiquus,'' which first arrived on the islands at least 500,000 years ago. The first of these species is ''[[Palaeoloxodon falconeri|P. falconeri]] ,'' which is one of the smallest dwarf elephant species at around {{Convert|1|m|ft}} tall, and was strongly modified from its ancestor in numerous aspects, which lived in a depauperate fauna with no other large mammal species.''<ref name=":02">Bonfiglio, L., Marra, A. C., Masini, F., Pavia, M., & Petruso, D. (2002). [https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/91517/1/18%20-%20Bonfiglio%20et%20al%202002%20Sicily%20A%20Review%20BAR.pdf Pleistocene faunas of Sicily: a review]. In W. H. Waldren, & J. A. Ensenyat (Eds.), ''World islands in prehistory: international insular investigations''. British Archaeological Reports, International Series, 1095, 428–436.</ref>''<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Scarborough |first=Matthew Edward |date=March 2022 |title=Extreme Body Size Variation in Pleistocene Dwarf Elephants from the Siculo-Maltese Palaeoarchipelago: Disentangling the Causes in Time and Space |journal=Quaternary |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=17 |doi=10.3390/quat5010017 |issn=2571-550X |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |hdl=11427/36354}}</ref> Later, around 200,000 years ago, this species was replaced by a second colonisation by ''P. antiquus'', which gave rise to the larger (though still considerably dwarfed) {{Convert|2|m|ft}} tall species ''[[Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis|P. mnaidriensis]],'' which on Sicily lived alongside a number other large mammal species, including herbivores and carnivores.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Baleka |first1=Sina |last2=Herridge |first2=Victoria L. |last3=Catalano |first3=Giulio |last4=Lister |first4=Adrian M. |last5=Dickinson |first5=Marc R. |last6=Di Patti |first6=Carolina |last7=Barlow |first7=Axel |last8=Penkman |first8=Kirsty E.H. |last9=Hofreiter |first9=Michael |last10=Paijmans |first10=Johanna L.A. |date=August 2021 |title=Estimating the dwarfing rate of an extinct Sicilian elephant |journal=Current Biology |language=en |volume=31 |issue=16 |pages=3606–3612.e7 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.037 |pmid=34146486 |s2cid=235477150 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last1=Bethune |first1=Elehna |last2=Kaiser |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Schulz-Kornas |first3=Ellen |last4=Winkler |first4=Daniela E. |date=November 2019 |title=Multiproxy dietary trait reconstruction in Pleistocene Hippopotamidae from the Mediterranean islands |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3248597 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |language=en |volume=533 |pages=109210 |bibcode=2019PPP...533j9210B |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.05.032 |s2cid=181824675}}</ref> The youngest records of this species on Sicily date to around 20,000 years ago, close to the time of arrival of modern humans on Sicily.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Palombo |first1=Maria Rita |last2=Antonioli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Di Patti |first3=Carolina |last4=Valeria |first4=Lo Presti |last5=Scarborough |first5=Matthew E. |date=2021-10-03 |title=Was the dwarfed Palaeoloxodon from Favignana Island the last endemic Pleistocene elephant from the western Mediterranean islands? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912963.2020.1772251 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=10 |pages=2116–2134 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2020.1772251 |issn=0891-2963 |s2cid=225710152|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The dwarf mammoth species ''[[Mammuthus lamarmorai]]'' descended from [[steppe mammoth]]s (''Mammuthus trogontherii'') that colonised Sardinia sometime after 450,000 years ago. It is suggested to have survived into the Last Glacial Period, until at least 60-30,000 years ago.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last1=Palombo |first1=Maria Rita |last2=Zedda |first2=Marco |last3=Zoboli |first3=Daniel |date=March 2024 |title=The Sardinian Mammoth's Evolutionary History: Lights and Shadows |journal=Quaternary |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=10 |doi=10.3390/quat7010010 |issn=2571-550X |doi-access=free}}</ref>