Editing Earth Observing System (section)

== Operation and technology - Logistics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+According to NASA's Earth Observing System mission page, there are over 30 missions that remain active.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Platnick |first=S |date=2022 |title=Current Missions {{!}} NASA's Earth Observing System |url=https://eospso.nasa.gov/current-missions?page=1. |website=NASA EOS}}</ref> As an evolving program, the EOS can collect a variety of data through various instruments that have been developed. Below outlines various sensors on different EOS missions and the data they collect.
!Mission / Satellites
!Technology
!Uses
|-
| colspan="3" |[[Landsat program|Landsat Program]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |Landsat 5-8
|Operational Land Imager (OLI) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Masek |first=G |date=2022 |title=Operational Land Imager {{!}} Landsat Science {{!}} A joint NASA/USGS Earth Observation Program |url=https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/satellites/landsat-8/spacecraft-instruments/operational-land-imager/|website=NASA Landsat Science|access-date=November 2, 2022}}</ref>
|Developed by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation, the OLI is a crucial aspect of modern LandSat vehicles. Using 7000 sensors per band (Spectrum band), the OLI on NASA's most recent LandSat (LANDSAT 8) Satellite, will image/view the entire earth every 16 days.
|-
|Enhanced Thematic Mapper + (ETM+) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) - Earth Online |url=https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/instruments/etm-landsat-7-#:~:text=The%2520Enhanced%25 |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=earth.esa.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=A. M. S. |last2=Drake |first2=N. A. |last3=Wooster |first3=M. J. |last4=Hudak |first4=A. T. |last5=Holden |first5=Z. A. |last6=Gibbons |first6=C. J. |date=June 2007 |title=Production of Landsat ETM+ reference imagery of burned areas within Southern African savannahs: comparison of methods and application to MODIS |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431160600954704 |journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing |language=en |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=2753–2775 |doi=10.1080/01431160600954704 |bibcode=2007IJRS...28.2753S |s2cid=1507458 |issn=0143-1161}}</ref>
|Used in conjunction with OLI, the ETM + images the Earth in 30m Pixels. To ensure quality, each scan has a correction due to Scan-Line correcting. 
|-
| colspan="3" |[[A-train (satellite constellation)|A-Train Program]]
|-
|[[CloudSat]]
|Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) <ref>{{Cite web |title=CloudSat - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions |url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/c-missions/cloudsat#:~:text= |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=directory.eoportal.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
|Operates at 96&nbsp;GHz. Crucially, the CPR is used to detail cloud-sized particles. These can be in the form of snow, cloud ice, water and light rains.
|-
|[[CALIPSO]]
|Lidar <ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA - Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations |url=https://www-calipso.larc.nasa.gov/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=www-calipso.larc.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref>
|Similarly to Radar, Lidar measures by the time a light (Laser) source takes to return to the sensor. CALIPSO, fitted with Lidar Level 2, mainly focused with measuring condensable vapours such as water and nitric acid.  Collects Polar Stratific cloud data. 
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Aura (satellite)|AURA]]
|Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Froidevaux |first1=Lucien |last2=Kinnison |first2=Douglas E. |last3=Santee |first3=Michelle L. |last4=Millán |first4=Luis F. |last5=Livesey |first5=Nathaniel J. |last6=Read |first6=William G. |last7=Bardeen |first7=Charles G. |last8=Orlando |first8=John J. |last9=Fuller |first9=Ryan A. |date=2022-04-12 |title=Upper stratospheric ClO and HOCl trends (2005–2020): Aura Microwave Limb Sounder and model results |url=https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/4779/2022/ |journal=Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |language=en |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=4779–4799 |doi=10.5194/acp-22-4779-2022 |bibcode=2022ACP....22.4779F |issn=1680-7324|doi-access=free }}</ref>
|Used to measure microwave emissions (Thermal) that naturally occurs. The name Limb refers to the "edge" of Earth's atmosphere. This data collected includes atmospheric gas profiles and atmospheric temperature and pressure. 
|-
|Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer - Earth Instruments - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/tropospheric-emission-spectrometer-tes |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |language=en-US}}</ref>
|TES is an infrared sensor aboard AURA used to investigate the troposphere of Earth's Atmosphere. Crucially, it helps scientists understand the impact of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the OZONE layer and its changes.
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Aqua (satellite)|AQUA]]
|Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer  (AMSR-E) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) SIPS {{!}} Earthdata |url=https://earthdata.nasa.gov/eosdis/sips/amsr-sips/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=earthdata.nasa.gov |date=3 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|AMSR-E, a critical instrument used to measure physical properties occurring on Earth. Rain precipitation, various sea and land temperatures, snow and ice cover, and water vapour from the ocean are just some properties that are measured using microwave scanning radiometer. Detecting microwave emissions, the data is evaluated to determine various characteristics about each geophysical property. 
|-
|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=MODIS Web |url=https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=modis.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
|Measuring in 36 different spectral bands, the MODIS system is critical on AQUA. Used to increase understanding of global properties and dynamics, MODIS helps Scientists to predict changes on Land, water and lower atmosphere.
|}