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Elections in Ukraine
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==Legislation== {{see also|Imperative mandate (Ukraine)}} Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the [[President (government title)|President]] ([[head of state]]) and [[Verkhovna Rada]] ([[legislature]]). The [[Ukrainian constitution]] does not allow holding [[Verkhovna Rada]] elections while martial law is in effect.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 7, 2019 |title=Constitution of Ukraine |language=English |at=Article 83, Paragraph 4 |work= |url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/44a280124.pdf |access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref> The president is elected for a five-year term. The Verkhovna Rada has 450 members and is also elected for a five-year term, but may be dissolved earlier by the president in the case of a failure to form a government.<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111/><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20031821 Q&A: Ukrainian parliamentary election], [[BBC News]] (23 October 2012)</ref><ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4061-17 Law of Ukraine "On Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine " dated 17 November 2011], [[Verkhovna Rada]]</ref> The next election to the Verkhovna Rada, [[2023 Ukrainian parliamentary election|set to be in 2023]],<ref name="chesno.org/post/3402D">{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.chesno.org/post/3402/ Early to rejoice? Regular parliamentary elections may take place under Yanukovych's law], [[Civil movement "Chesno"]] (11 July 2019)</ref> will be, for the first time, with different regional [[open lists]] (with again an [[electoral threshold]] of five percent) and a return, and thus abolition of the [[Electoral district|constituencies]] with [[first-past-the-post voting]], to only one national constituency.<ref name="633561ElectoralCodeb">[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/633561.html Electoral Code becomes effective in Ukraine], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (1 January 2010)</ref> From [[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2012]] until the [[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election]] the Verkhovna Rada was elected using a [[Parallel voting|mixed election system]]. Half of the representatives were elected from national [[Closed list|closed party lists]] distributed between the parties using the [[Hare quota]] with a 5% threshold. The remaining half were elected from [[Electoral district|constituencies]] using [[first-past-the-post voting]]. This system was adopted for the [[2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2012 elections]]<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111>{{cite news|title=Parliament passes law on parliamentary elections|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/parliament-passes-law-on-parliamentary-elections-117151.html|access-date=9 August 2015|agency=[[Interfax-Ukraine]]|publisher=[[Kyiv Post]]|date=17 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="ElectionLawEnglish">{{cite web|title=Ukraine: The Law on Election of the People's Deputies (Unofficial translation by IFES), 2011|url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/UA/ukraine-the-law-on-election-of-the-peoples/at_download/file|access-date=9 August 2015|format=PDF|date=17 November 2011}}</ref> and was also used for the [[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014 election]], as a new draft law moving to electing all members using [[Open list|open party lists]] failed to gather necessary support in the Rada.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rada fails to put on today's agenda three bills on elections of MPs|url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/218366.html|publisher=[[Interfax-Ukraine]]|access-date=8 August 2015|date=14 August 2014}}</ref> According to current law, the [[Next Ukrainian parliamentary election|next election to the Verkhovna Rada (to be held) in 2023]]<ref name="chesno.org/post/3402D"/> [[#Past legislation|will again]] be without single-member constituencies and instead deputies can only be elected on a party list in one nationwide constituency with a 5% [[Electoral threshold|election threshold]] with [[Open list|open]] regional lists of candidates for deputies.<ref name="633561ElectoralCodeb"/> A [[Snap election|snap poll]] must have a [[voter turnout]] higher than 50%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/156029.html|title=Voters Committee Predicting 60% Snap Election Turnout|publisher=[[Ukrainian News Agency]]|date=16 October 2008|access-date=16 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527084317/http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/156029.html|archive-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> Ukraine's election law forbids outside financing of political parties or campaigns.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/hacked-pr-documents-accelerate-political-war-318688.html Hacked PR documents accelerate political war], [[Kyiv Post]] (11 January 2013)</ref> Presidential candidates must have had residence in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to election day.<ref name="VKiPUIU241013">[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/171819.html Vitali Klitschko says intends to run for president in Ukraine], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (24 October 2013)<br />[http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/171794.html Parliament passes law that could prevent Klitschko from running for president], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (24 October 2013)</ref> Since late February 2016 a party congress is allowed to remove any candidate from its party list before the Central Election Commission recognizes him or her elected. Meaning that parties after elections can prevent their candidates to take a seat in parliament that they were entitled to due to their place on the party list.<ref>[http://uatoday.tv/news/poroshenko-signs-notorious-party-dictatorship-law-598792.html Poroshenko signs notorious 'party dictatorship' law], [[Ukraine Today]] (25 February 2016)<br />{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/03/3/7101002/ Lyashko advantage of the law on "party dictatorship"], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (3 March 2016)</ref> A party is (since late February 2016) also allowed to excluded people from its electoral list of the last parliamentary elections.<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://pda.pravda.com.ua/news/id_7130322/ CEC excluded from party list Lyashko 10 candidates for people's deputies], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (18 December 2016)</ref> In Ukraine political campaigning outside election campaign periods is prohibited.<ref name="chesnopost4180E"/> But this prohibition is widely ignored in election years and perpetraters are seldom punished since political parties use loopholes in election law.<ref name="chesnopost4180E">[https://www.chesno.org/post/4180/ Campaign false start: who is already advertised in the Dnipro], [[Civil movement "Chesno"]] (26 August 2020) {{in lang|uk}}</ref> ===Local elections=== {{details|Local elections in Ukraine}} Under the [[Constitution of Ukraine]], the term of office of the heads of villages and towns and the council members of these villages and towns is five years.<ref name=IU162135yle>[http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/cec-member-kyiv-city-council-to-be-elected-for-five-years-in-upcoming-election/ CEC member: Kyiv City Council to be elected for five years in upcoming election], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (16 February 2013)</ref> ===Past legislation=== The parliamentary election law has been changed four times from 1991 to 2015.<ref name=newUKRelectionlawof171111/><ref name="Law for POR?">[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/114020/ Experts: Proposed election law casts cloud over next yearβs parliamentary contest], [[Kyiv Post]] (October 3, 2011)</ref> Before 1998 all the members of the Parliament were elected by single-seat [[constituency|constituencies]] (from each electoral district). In 1998 and in 2002 half of the members were elected by [[proportional representation]] (faction vote) and the other half by single-seat constituencies. In the [[2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2006]] and [[2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2007 parliamentary election]], all 450 members of the Verkhovna Rada were elected by [[party-list proportional representation]] with [[closed list]]s<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wp7VKL4p7kQC&dq=%22Closed+list%22+Ukraine&pg=PA251 Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, And Institutional Design] by [[Paul D'Anieri]], [[M.E. Sharpe]], 2006, {{ISBN|0-7656-1811-7}} (page 251)</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/op_ed/detail/65992/ Black Sea Fleet vote: Know thy turncoats], [[Kyiv Post]] (May 6, 2010)</ref><ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/opinion/op_ed/detail/41069/ Ukraine needs constitutional change now], [[Kyiv Post]] (May 7, 2009)</ref> (the same goes for local elections).<ref name="DemoWhat?">[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/politics/detail/71677/ Parliament rejects bill on local elections under open lists], [[Kyiv Post]] (July 1, 2010)</ref> In the [[2010 Ukrainian local elections]] four years was set for the office of the heads of villages and towns and the council members of these villages and towns.<ref name=IU162135yle/><ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/afet/dv/201/201011/20101118_reportelecukr_en.pdf European Parliament EU-Ukraine PCC Members' delegation to Ukraine observing local and regional elections of 31 October 2010], [[European Parliament]] (10 November 2010)</ref>
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