Editing Electromagnetic catapult (section)

==Systems under development==
The concept of a [[ground carriage]] is intended for civilian use and takes the idea of an electromagnetic aircraft launch system one step further, with the entire [[landing gear]] remaining on the [[runway]] for both [[takeoff]] and [[landing]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rohacs |first1=Daniel |last2=Voskuijl |first2=Mark |last3=Rohacs |first3=Jozsef |last4=Schoustra |first4=Rommert-Jan |date=2013 |title=Preliminary evaluation of the environmental impact related to aircraft take-off and landings supported with ground based (MAGLEV) power |url=http://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-aerospace-operations/aop040 |journal=Journal of Aerospace Operations |volume=2 |issue=3–4 |pages=161–180 |doi=10.3233/AOP-140040 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===China===
Rear Admiral [[Yin Zhuo]] of the [[People's Liberation Army Navy|Chinese Navy]] said in 2013 that China's next aircraft carrier (later called "Fujian") would also have an electromagnetic aircraft launch system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90786/8429544.html|title=Chinese aircraft carrier should narrow the gap with its U.S. counterpart|date=18 October 2013|website=english.peopledaily.com.cn|publisher=People's Daily|access-date=18 October 2013}}</ref> Multiple prototypes have been spotted by the media in 2012, and aircraft capable of electromagnetic launching are undergoing testing at a Chinese Navy research facility.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cankaoxiaoxi.com/mil/20160923/1314163.shtml |title=简氏:中国试飞改进型歼-15 或用于测试电磁弹射器_《参考消息》官方网站 |website=Cankaoxiaoxi.com |access-date=30 June 2017 |language=zh |archive-date=2 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202170104/http://www.cankaoxiaoxi.com/mil/20160923/1314163.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to a report in July 2017, the construction of the [[Type 003 aircraft carrier]] has been rescheduled in order to choose between a steam or electromagnetic catapult and the latest competition results shows that the electromagnetic launchers will be used in the Type 003 aircraft carrier.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.yibada.com/articles/193745/20170212/china-s-third-aircraft-carrier-will-first-use-steam-catapults.htm |title=China's Third Aircraft Carrier will be First to use Steam Catapults to Launch Aircraft |website=yibada |date=12 February 2017 }}</ref><ref name="ainonline_1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-06/china-explores-electromagnetic-carrier-launch-system |title=China Explores Electromagnetic Carrier Launch System |website=AIN online |date=6 July 2017 }}</ref>

China's military chief claims a breakthrough in electromagnetic launch systems for aircraft carriers has been made, and will utilize such a system in the third aircraft carrier that China will build after [[Type 002 aircraft carrier|Type 002]]. The launch system is powered by fossil fuel via generators and capacitors.<ref name="scmp_emals">{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2117947/breakthrough-power-most-advanced-jet-launch-system |title=Breakthrough to power most advanced jet launch system on China's second home-grown aircraft carrier |website=SCMP |date=1 November 2017 }}</ref><ref name="thedip_emals">{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/chinas-new-aircraft-carrier-to-use-advanced-jet-launch-system/ |title=China's New Aircraft Carrier to Use Advanced Jet Launch System |website=The Diplomat |date=1 November 2017 }}</ref><ref name="jans_emals">{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/75396/china-claims-to-have-developed-conventionally-powered-electromagnetic-catapult |title=China claims to have developed conventionally powered electromagnetic catapult |website=Jane's 360 |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111151908/http://www.janes.com/article/75396/china-claims-to-have-developed-conventionally-powered-electromagnetic-catapult |archive-date=11 November 2017 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The design on the Type 003 carrier is being led by Rear Admiral [[Ma Weiming]].

China's electromagnetic catapult has been installed on [[Type 076 landing helicopter dock|landing helicopter dock ''Sichuan'']] and its third aircraft carrier, the [[Chinese aircraft carrier Fujian|aircraft carrier ''Fujian'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sutton |first=H. I. |date=2021-04-15 |title=China's New Aircraft Carrier Is In Same League as US Navy's Ford Class |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/04/chinas-new-aircraft-carrier-is-in-same-league-as-us-navys-ford-class/ |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=布藍 |date=2020-08-03 |title=【國產航母】003型航母進入最後組裝進程 高清航拍照曝光 |url=https://www.hk01.com/即時中國/506044/國產航母-003型航母進入最後組裝進程-高清航拍照曝光 |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=香港01 |language=zh-HK}}</ref>

===Russia===
Russia's [[United Shipbuilding Corporation]] (USC) is developing new launch systems for warplanes based on aircraft carriers, USC President Alexei Rakhmanov told [[TASS]] on 4 July 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tass.com/defense/1011912|title=Russia developing new launch catapults for aircraft carriers|date=4 July 2018|access-date=14 July 2018|agency=TASS}}</ref>

===United States===
[[General Atomics]] [[EMALS]] was designed for and into the {{sclass|Gerald R. Ford|aircraft carrier|2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=dti&id=news%2Fdti%2F2010%2F06%2F01%2FDT_06_01_2010_p42-228803.xml |title=Carrier Launch System Passes Initial Tests |access-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928220000/http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=%2Farticle-xml%2FDT_06_01_2010_p42-228803.xml |archive-date=28 September 2012 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> A proposal to retrofit it into {{sclass|Nimitz|aircraft carrier|0}} carriers was rejected. John Schank said: "The biggest problems facing the ''Nimitz'' class are the limited electrical power generation capability and the upgrade-driven increase in ship weight and erosion of the center-of-gravity margin needed to maintain ship stability."<ref>Schank, John. Modernizing the U.S. Aircraft Carrier Fleet: Accelerating CVN&nbsp;21 Production Versus Mid-Life Refueling. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, 2005. p.&nbsp;76.</ref>

=== India ===
In 2013, the [[Indian Navy]] reportedly sought to equip the aircraft carrier with electromagnetic catapult, which could enable the launching of larger aircraft as well as [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|unmanned combat aerial vehicles]].<ref name="navaltechinses">{{cite web |date=30 May 2013 |title=Indian Navy seeks EMALS system for second ''Vikrant''-class aircraft carrier |url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindian-navy-seeks-emals-system-second-vikrant-class-aircraft-carrier |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812100648/http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsindian-navy-seeks-emals-system-second-vikrant-class-aircraft-carrier |archive-date=12 August 2013 |access-date=17 May 2015 |publisher=Naval Technology}}</ref> Though, it was initially planned to be imported from foreign firms for [[INS Vishal]], reports as of 2024 suggests, it is being developed indigenously by [[Bharat Electronics]] with assistance from private sector companies. The system concept has been demonstrated to senior Indian Navy officials and [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]. The Navy plans to gain clearance for construction of ground-based full scale model to initiate development.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title=India Seeks Indigenous Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System for Upcoming IAC-III Carrier |url=https://defence.in/threads/india-seeks-indigenous-electromagnetic-aircraft-launch-system-for-upcoming-iac-iii-carrier.4298/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=India Defence |language=en-US}}</ref>

As per August 2024 media report, [[Research & Development Establishment (Engineers)]] has developed a scaled-down prototype capable of launching payloads up to 400 kg over a short [[Span (engineering)|span]] of 16 to 18 meters. For further development and to scale up for usage on future aircraft carriers, they are currently searching for industry partners. Platforms weighing up to 40-tons can be handled by the system. Two crucial technologies that have been successfully developed for electromagnetic catapult are Pulse Power, which controls the electromagnetic catapult's power requirements and ensures precise and dependable launches, and Linear Electric Machine, which produces the electromagnetic force required to launch aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=DRDO Nears EMALS Breakthrough for Mach 6 Aircraft Launches, Seeks Industry Partner for Further Development |url=https://defence.in/threads/drdo-nears-emals-breakthrough-for-mach-6-aircraft-launches-seeks-industry-partner-for-further-development.9878/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Defence.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Aarav |date=2024-08-24 |title=India’s EMALS Breakthrough: DRDO and HAL Push the Boundaries of Naval Aviation Technology |url=https://pune.news/defence/indias-emals-breakthrough-drdo-and-hal-push-the-boundaries-of-naval-aviation-technology-218579/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=PUNE.NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Manish |date=23 August 2024 |title=Electromagnetic Launch  System |url=https://x.com/manishindiatv/status/1826828337106264123 |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Navy |first=Indian |date=21 February 2024 |title=Maritime Technical Exposition 2024 |url=https://x.com/indiannavy/status/1760307677702521197 |access-date=15  September 2024}}</ref>