Editing Emily Howland (section)

==Career==
An active [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]], Howland taught at [[Normal School for Colored Girls]] (later known as the Miner School and now [[University of the District of Columbia]]) in [[Washington, D.C.]], from 1857 to 1859. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], she worked at the contraband refugee settlement of Camp Todd in [[Arlington, Virginia]], establishing a school where she taught freed [[slavery|slaves]] to read and write as well as administering to the sick during a [[smallpox]] outbreak, coordinating relief efforts, and ultimately serving as director of the camp from 1864 to 1866.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Emily Howland Family Papers {{!}} Archives & Manuscripts |url=https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/5066howl |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu}}</ref>

Beginning in 1867, she started a community for freed people in Heathsville, [[Northumberland County, Virginia]], called Arcadia, on 400 acres purchased by her father, including a school for the education of children of freed slaves, the [[Howland Chapel School]].<ref name="vaNRHPnom2">{{cite web|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Northumberland/066-0110_Howland_Chapel_School_The_1991_Final_Nomintation.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Howland Chapel School|author=Jeffrey M. O'Dell and Carolyn E. Jett|date=June 1989|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|access-date=2013-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212202953/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Northumberland/066-0110_Howland_Chapel_School_The_1991_Final_Nomintation.pdf|archive-date=2017-02-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.howlandstonestore.org/Sherwood.pdf|title=United States Department of the Interior OMB No. 1024-0018, National Park Service. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES.CONTINUATION SHEET. Section 8: Significance. (Property Sherwood Equal Rights Historic District. Location Cayuga County, New York)|access-date=March 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910101401/http://www.howlandstonestore.org/Sherwood.pdf|archive-date=September 10, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> She continued to maintain an active interest in African-American education, donating money and materials as well as visiting and corresponding with administrators at many schools.<ref name=":1" /> Returning to [[Sherwood, New York]], after her father's death in 1881, she inherited $50,000 (${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|50000|1881}}}} in {{inflation-year|US}} dollars) and ran the Sherwood Select School until 1926 when it became a public school and was renamed the Emily Howland Elementary School by the state of New York.<ref name=":1" />

Howland was also active in women's [[suffrage]], peace, and [[Temperance movement|temperance]] movements and was a member of the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]].<ref name=":3" /> In 1858, she began organizing women's rights lectures and meetings with  [[Susan B. Anthony]] and [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]]. In 1878, she spoke at the 30th anniversary of the [[Seneca Falls Convention|Seneca Falls woman's rights convention]] and in 1894 the [[New York State Legislature|New York State legislature]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.howlandstonestore.org/Sherwood.pdf|title=NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET|publisher=United States Department of the Interior – National Park Service|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910101401/http://www.howlandstonestore.org/Sherwood.pdf|archive-date=10 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> When the suffrage movement split into two groups, the [[National Woman Suffrage Association]] and the [[American Woman Suffrage Association]], Howland did not take sides, but attended meetings of both groups.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mothersoffeminis00marg|title=Mothers of feminism : the story of Quaker women in America (c1986)|last=Bacon|first=Margaret Hope|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1989|isbn=0062500465|edition=1st paperback Harper & Row|location=San Francisco|oclc=21550452|url-access=registration}}</ref> In 1904, she spoke in front of Congress and attended the 1912 and 1913 suffrage parades in New York.<ref name=":4" /> She has been credited with persuading [[Ezra Cornell]] that, as a Quaker, he should make [[Cornell University]] a coeducational institution.<ref name=":3" />

In 1926 she received an honorary [[Litt.D.]] degree from the [[University of Albany|University of the State of NY, in Albany]], the first woman to have this honor conferred upon her from this institution.<ref name=":1" /> She was also the author of an historical sketch of early [[Quakers|Quaker]] history in [[Cayuga County, New York|Cayuga County, NY]]: ''[http://www.cayugacounty.us/portals/0/history/friends/index.html Historical Sketch of Friends in Cayuga County]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Odyssey of a Humanitarian: Emily Howland, 1827-1929 |author=Judith Colucci Breault|year=1981|publisher=Ayer Publishing|isbn=0-405-14076-2}}</ref>

Howland became one of the first female directors of a national bank in the [[United States]], at the First National Bank of Aurora in [[Aurora, Erie County, New York|Aurora, New York]], in 1890,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zXEEAAAAYAAJ&q=emily++howland+woman+of+the+century&pg=PA398|title=Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (Moulton, 1893)|isbn=9780722217139|access-date=March 10, 2018|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton|year=1893|publisher=Moulton }}</ref> serving until her death, at age 101.