Editing Endgame study (section)

==Examples==
{{main|Réti endgame study}}
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|Richard Réti, <br />''Ostrauer Morgenzeitung'' Dec. 4, 1921
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|White to play and draw. One of the most famous studies of all time.
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[[Richard Réti]]'s study is one of the most famous of all time. It is White to play and draw. At first sight, this seems an impossible task: if White tries to chase after Black's pawn he can never catch it (1.Kh7 h4 2.Kh6 h3 etc. is clearly hopeless), while it is clear that Black will simply take White's pawn if he tries to promote it.

White can draw, however, by taking advantage of the fact that the king can move towards both pawns at once. The solution is '''1. Kg7{{chesspunc|!}} h4''' (1...Kb6 2. Kf6! h4 3.Ke5! transposes) '''2. Kf6! Kb6''' (if 2...h3, then 3.Ke6 h2 4.c7 Kb7 5.Kd7 allows white to promote his pawn) '''3. Ke5!''' Now, if 3...Kxc6, then 4.Kf4 stops Black's pawn after all, while if 3...h3 4.Kd6 allows White to promote his pawn. Either way, the result is a draw.  (See also {{seclink|King and pawn versus king endgame|Rule of the square}}.)
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|+ Genrikh Kasparyan, ''Magyar Sakkélet'' 1962
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|White to play and draw. An example of a more complicated study.
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|Position after 8.Rg1 (see analysis)
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Not all studies are as simple as the above Réti example. This study (first diagram) is by [[Genrikh Kasparyan]] (first published in ''Magyar Sakkélet'', 1962). White is to play and draw. The main line of the solution is '''1. Ra1 a2 2. Ke6 Ba3 3. Bf4 Bb2 4. Be5 a3 5. Kd5 Bg6 6. Bd4 Bf7+ 7. Ke4 Bc4 8. Rg1''', but there are various alternatives for both sides. For example, White could try 1.Bf4 on his first move, with the idea 1...Bxa2 2.Bxd6 and 3.Bxa3 is a draw, but Black can defeat this idea with 1...Bxf4 2.Rxa3 Bc2, which wins. To understand why one move works and another one does not, requires quite advanced chess knowledge. Indeed, it will not be obvious to many players that the position at the end of the given line (second diagram) is a draw at all.
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|Leopold Mitrofanov, <br />''MT Rustaveli'' 1967 (corrected)
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|White to play and win
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One of the most notable studies is [[Leopold Mitrofanov]]'s 1967 first-prize winner.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://timkr.home.xs4all.nl/chess2/mitrofanov.htm |title= A genius' bad luck |last= Krabbé |first= Tim |author-link= Tim Krabbé |publisher= Tim Krabbé's Chess Curiosities |access-date= 2016-10-22}}</ref> Unfortunately, Mitrofanov's original study was subsequently found to have a {{chessgloss|cook}}, a miraculous defense that enabled Black either to obtain [[perpetual check]] or reach a [[Draw (chess)|drawn]] [[Chess endgame|ending]].

Solution: '''1. b6+ Ka8 2. Re1! Nxe1 3. g7 h1=Q''' (if 3...Nc4+ then 4.Kb5 h1=Q 5.g8=Q+ Bb8 6.a7 Na3+ 7.Kc6 Qh2 8.axb8=Q+ Qxb8 9.b7+ Ka7 10.Qg1+ Ka6 11.Qb6 mate) '''4. g8=Q+ Bb8 5. a7 Nc6+ 6. dxc6 Qxh5+ 7. Qg5{{chesspunc|!!}} '''(not 7.Ka6{{chesspunc|?}} Qe2+ or 7.Kb4? Qh4+ with perpetual check)''' Qxg5+ 8. Ka6''' (the queen is deflected from the white diagonal where she could give check) '''8... Bxa7''' (or 8...Qb5+ 9.Kxb5 Nc2 10.c7 and wins) '''9. c7!''' (a silent move; the double threat c8=Q+ and b7 mate forces Black to sacrifice the queen) '''9... Qa5+ 10. Kxa5 Kb7 11. bxa7''' and White wins.
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===Early example===
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|al-Adli (~800–870), <br />''Arabic manuscript'' 1140<ref>Müller & Lamprecht, p. 257</ref>
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|White wins with either side to move
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Most old [[shatranj]] studies are not valid in modern chess because of changed rules. However, the moves of the king, rook, and knight are unchanged.  In this Arabic study White wins because the black knight is poorly placed. With White to move the best move is '''1. Rd1''', but it is not the only winning move. If Black is to move, '''1... Kb8! 2. Kc6! Na5+! 3. Kb6! Nc4+ 4. Kb5! Ne5 5. Re1! Nd7 6. Kc6!''' wins.
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