Editing Endonym and exonym (section)

== Typology ==
[[wikt:endonym|Endonym]]s and [[wikt:exonym|exonym]]s can be divided in three main categories:{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=UNESCO |title=African ethnonyms and toponyms |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |year=1984 |isbn=978-92-3-101944-9 |location=France |pages=67 |language=en}}</ref>

* endonyms and exonyms of place names ([[toponymy|toponym]]s),
* endonyms and exonyms of human names ([[anthroponymy|anthroponym]]s), including names of [[ethnic group]]s ([[ethnonym]]s), localised populations ([[demonym]]s), and individuals ([[personal name]]s),
* endonyms and exonyms of language names ([[list of language names|glossonym]]s).<ref>Edelman, Loulou. 2009. "What's in a Name? Classification of proper names by language". Pp. 141–53 in ''Linguistic landscape: expanding the scenery'', edited by E. Shohamy and D. Gorter. London: [[Routledge]]. Goh, CL.:

"The names of monarchs, popes, and non-contemporary authors as well as place names are commonly translated. Foreign names for geographic [[proper names]] are called exonyms. Fourment-Berni Canani (1994) discusses the (im)possibility of translating proper names. He gives examples of the place names [[Venice]] and London. The Italian city {{lang|it|Venezia|italic=no}} has been renamed Venice in English and {{lang|fr|Venise|italic=no}} in French. A city in the American state [[California]] is also called Venice, but this name is not changed into {{lang|fr|Venezia|italic=no}} in Italian and {{lang|fr|Venise|italic=no}} in French. Similarly, the English city [[London]] has been renamed {{lang|fr|Londres|italic=no}} in French and {{lang|it|Londra|italic=no}} in Italian. However, the Canadian city called London is not translated into French and Italian in this way. Thus, as Fourment-Berni Canani concludes, a place name can be translated if the place, as a unique referent, has already been renamed in the target language."</ref>

=== Endonyms and exonyms of toponyms ===
As it pertains to [[geographical feature]]s, the [[United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names]] defines:<ref>{{Cite web |year=2020 |editor-last=Geršič |editor-first=M. |title=Introduction |url=http://ungegn.zrc-sazu.si/ |website=UNGEGN Working Group on Exonyms |publisher=United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names |location=Slovenia |issn=2536-1732}}.</ref>

*'''Endonym''': "Name of a geographical feature in an official or well-established language occurring in that area where the feature is located."
* '''Exonym''': "Name used in a specific language for a geographical feature situated outside the area where that language is spoken, and differing in its form from the name used in an official or well-established language of that area where the geographical feature is located."

For example, ''India'', ''China'', ''[[Egypt]]'', and ''Germany'' are the English-language exonyms corresponding to the endonyms {{lang|hi-latn|Bhārat}} ({{langx|hi|[[names for India|भारत]]|label=none}}), {{lang|zh-latn|Zhōngguó}} ({{lang|zh|[[names of China|中国]]}}), {{lang|ar-latn|Masr}} ({{langx|ar|[[names of Egypt|مَصر]]|label=none}}), and ''{{lang|de|[[names of Germany|Deutschland]]}}'', respectively. There are also typonyms of specific features, for example [[hydronym]]s for bodies of water.

=== Endonyms and exonyms of glossonyms ===
In the case of endonyms and exonyms of [[linguonym|language name]]s (glossonyms), ''[[Chinese language|Chinese]],'' ''[[German language|German]]'', and ''[[Dutch language|Dutch]]'', for example, are English-language exonyms for the languages that are endonymously known as {{lang|zh-latn|Zhōngwén}} ({{lang|zh|中文}}), {{lang|de|Deutsch}}, and ''Nederlands'', respectively.