Editing Enterprise resource planning (section)

==Expansion==
ERP systems experienced rapid growth in the 1990s. Because of the [[year 2000 problem]] many companies took the opportunity to replace their old systems with ERP.<ref name="WagnerMonk2008">{{cite book|author1=Bret Wagner|author2=Ellen Monk|title=Enterprise Resource Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pG94WAknOF8C|date=4 February 2008|publisher=Cengage Learning EMEA|isbn=978-1-4239-0179-2}}</ref>

ERP systems initially focused on automating [[back office]] functions that did not directly affect [[customer]]s and the public. [[Front office]] functions, such as [[customer relationship management]] (CRM), dealt directly with customers, or [[electronic business|e-business]] systems such as [[e-commerce]] and [[e-government]]—or [[supplier relationship management]] (SRM) became integrated later, when the internet simplified communicating with external parties.<ref name="HaymanERP00">{{cite journal |title=ERP in the Internet Economy |journal=Information Systems Frontiers |author=Hayman, L. |volume=2000 |issue=2 |pages=137–139 |year=2000 |doi=10.1023/A:1026595923192|s2cid=207642319 }}</ref>

"ERP II" was coined in 2000 in an article by Gartner Publications entitled ''ERP Is Dead—Long Live ERP II''.<ref>{{cite web|title=B. Bond, Y. Genovese, D. Miklovic, N. Wood, B. Zrimsek, N. Rayner, ERP Is Dead — Long Live ERP II; GartnerGroup RAS Services, SPA-12-0420 4 October 2000|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3420069|access-date=October 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ERP: What you need to ask before you buy |url=http://www.projectauditors.com/Papers/Buying_An_ERP_System/ERP_Purchasing_the_right_ERP_package_3.php |publisher=projectauditors.com |access-date=April 23, 2014 }}</ref> It describes web–based software that provides real–time access to ERP systems to employees and partners (such as suppliers and customers). The ERP II role expands traditional ERP resource optimization and [[transaction processing]]. Rather than just manage buying, selling, etc.—ERP II leverages information in the resources under its management to help the enterprise collaborate with other enterprises.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uncg.edu/bae/people/holderness/readings/ERP_is_Dead--Long_Live_ERP_II.pdf |title=The Bryan School of Business and Economics at UNCG—Exceptional Problem Solvers |publisher=Uncg.edu |access-date=November 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912185508/http://www.uncg.edu/bae/people/holderness/readings/ERP_is_Dead--Long_Live_ERP_II.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
ERP II is more flexible than the first generation ERP. Rather than confine ERP system capabilities within the organization, it goes beyond the corporate walls to interact with other systems. Enterprise application suite is an alternate name for such systems. ERP II systems are typically used to enable collaborative initiatives such as [[supply chain management]] (SCM), [[customer relationship management]] (CRM) and [[business intelligence]] (BI) among business partner organizations through the use of various [[electronic business]] technologies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Charles Møller|date=August 1, 2005|title=ERP II: a conceptual framework for next-generation enterprise systems?|journal=Journal of Enterprise Information Management|volume=18|issue=4|pages=483–497|doi=10.1108/17410390510609626|issn=1741-0398}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ruhi|first=Umar|date=July 1, 2016|title=An experiential learning pedagogical framework for enterprise systems education in business schools|journal=The International Journal of Management Education|volume=14|issue=2|pages=198–211|doi=10.1016/j.ijme.2016.04.006}}</ref> The large proportion of companies are pursuing a strong managerial targets in ERP system instead of acquire an ERP company.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Adam |first1=Frédéric |last2=O'Doherty |first2=Peter |date=December 2000 |title=Lessons from enterprise resource planning implementations in Ireland – towards smaller and shorter ERP projects |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02683960010008953 |journal=Journal of Information Technology |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=305–316 |doi=10.1080/02683960010008953 |doi-broken-date=5 November 2024 |issn=0268-3962|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Developers now make more effort to integrate mobile devices with the ERP system. ERP vendors are extending ERP to these devices, along with other business applications, so that businesses don't have to rely on third-party applications.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2021-10-14|title=Shopify enlists Microsoft, Oracle for business tools on app|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/shopify-enlists-microsoft-oracle-business-tools-app-2021-10-14/|access-date=2021-12-08}}</ref> As an example, the e-commerce platform [[Shopify]] was able to make ERP tools from [[Microsoft]] and [[Oracle Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud|Oracle]] available on its app in October 2021.<ref name=":0" />

Technical stakes of modern ERP concern integration—hardware, applications, networking, supply chains. ERP now covers more functions and roles—including [[decision making]], stakeholders' relationships, [[standardization]], [[transparency (behavior)|transparency]], [[globalization]], etc.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Shaul | first1 = L. | last2 = Tauber | first2 = D. | year = 2013 | title = Critical Success Factors in Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: Review of the Last Decade | doi = 10.1145/2501654.2501669 | journal = ACM Computing Surveys | volume = 45 | issue = 4| pages = 1–39 | s2cid = 3657624 }}</ref>