Editing Entrapment (section)

== Canada ==
The [[Supreme Court of Canada]] developed the doctrine of entrapment in three major decisions: [http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1982/1982canlii31/1982canlii31.html ''R. v. Amato''], [1982] 2 S.C.R. 418, [http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1988/1988canlii24/1988canlii24.html ''R. v. Mack''], [1988] 2 S.C.R. 903, and [http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1991/1991canlii84/1991canlii84.html ''R. v. Barnes''], [1991] 1 S.C.R. 449.

There are two different forms of entrapment in Canadian law.

# Random virtue testing: This form of entrapment occurs when the police offer an individual the opportunity to commit a crime without reasonable suspicion that either that individual or where that individual is located is associated with the criminal activity under investigation. If police have such a reasonable suspicion, they are still limited to providing only an opportunity to commit the offence.
# Inducement of an offence: This form of entrapment occurs when the police go beyond merely providing an opportunity to commit an offence but actually induce the commission of the offense. Some factors a court may consider when deciding whether police have induced the offence include the type of crime being investigated, whether an average person would have been induced, the persistence and number of attempts made by the police, the type of inducement used (fraud, deceit, reward, etc.), and the existence of express or implied threats.

The question of entrapment is considered only after there has been a finding of guilt. If, after finding the accused guilty, the court determines that the accused was entrapped, the court enters a judicial [[stay of proceedings]]. That is similar to an acquittal.

===History===

In 2013, a British Columbia couple were found guilty of attempting to blow up the [[British Columbia Parliament Buildings]]. In 2016, the verdict was overturned because the couple were found to have been entrapped into the plot by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]].

It was the first time entrapment had been successfully argued in a terrorism case. Three previous attempts failed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Omand |first=Geordon |date=July 29, 2016 |title=B.C. bomb plotters set free after judge rules RCMP entrapped pair |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/judge-says-rcmp-entrapped-bc-couple-in-terror-case-overturns-guilty-verdict/article31199892/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220144443/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/judge-says-rcmp-entrapped-bc-couple-in-terror-case-overturns-guilty-verdict/article31199892/ |archive-date=20 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |publisher=The Globe and Mail}}</ref>